Milimeter-wave (mm-wave) communication, which has already been a part of the fifth generation of mobile communication networks (5G), would result in ultra dense small cell deployments due to its limited coverage characteristics. In such an environment, outdoor base stations (BS) will get closer to the buildings, in which users are covered and served by indoor small cells that in turn degrades the user Quality of Experience (QoE) owing to the increased interference caused by the outdoor BSs. In this paper, indoor coverage analysis is conducted by considering a scenario, which includes a multistorey building and two identical indoor femtocell and outdoor BS operating at 28 GHz. During the simulations, impacts of the outdoor BS's transmit power and distance to the building on the indoor coverage are investigated. In addition, various material types, namely one layer brick, International Telecommunication Union (ITU) 28 GHz concrete, ITU 28 GHz glass, and ITU 28 GHz wood, for the building walls are tested. Results reveal that dielectric properties of the materials are the key factors in determining the severity of the interference caused by the outdoor BS, paving the way for including the effects of material type in network designing and smart city planning.

Densely deployment of the small cells in 5G networks will bring high‐quality service to the end users as well as will solve the small footprint coverage problem of millimeter‐waves. The increase in the number of small cells will require self‐organized systems to enable the seamless transaction between heterogeneous network environment. Therefore, a survey‐style study on self‐organized seamless coverage in 5G, covering millimeter‐wave features and its indoor and outdoor coverage along with some machine learning techniques are presented in this article.

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Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication, the main success behind the fifth generation of mobile communication networks, will increase the ultra-dense small cell deployment under its limited coverage characteristics. Therefore, providing a seamless connection to its users, to whom transitioning between indoor and outdoor in a heterogeneous network environment particularly is a significant issue that needs to be addressed. In this paper, we present a twofold contribution with a comprehensive study on mm-wave handovers. A user-based indoor mobility prediction via Markov chain with an initial transition matrix is proposed in the first step. Based on this acquired knowledge of the user's movement pattern in the indoor environment, we present a pre-emptive handover algorithm in the second step. This algorithm aims to keep the QoS high for indoor users when transitioning between indoor and outdoor in a heterogeneous network environment. The proposed algorithm shows a reduction in the handover signalling cost by more than 50%, outperforming conventional handover algorithms.