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We studied the functional state of the cardiovascular system in 997 schoolchildren of Ufa and 597 students of the Bashkir State Medical University with different levels of physical activity. All subjects were divided into 3 groups depending on the level of physical activity: the first group (control) consisted of schoolchildren and students, which do not involve in sports outside the school and university programs, with the lowest physical activity compared with other groups; the second group included persons with an average level of physical activity, who in addition to physical education classes independently engage in physical culture: running, walking, outdoor games and daily morning exercises; the third group consisted of schoolchildren and students regularly engaged in sports clubs and sections, having the highest level of physical activity. The following hemodynamic parameters were calculated: systolic blood volume, minute blood volume, pulse pressure, fatigue coefficient, blood circulation efficiency ratio, Robinson index. The data obtained for each group were subjected to statistical analysis separately for males and females in the age aspect. We have established the positive influence of regular physical education and sports on the metabolic and energy processes in the heart, which in turn leads to an improvement in the main indicators of the cardiovascular system. Thus, among schoolchildren and students regularly engaged in physical culture and sports, significantly lower values of minute blood volume, blood circulation efficiency ratio, endurance coefficient, Robinson index and high values of systolic blood volume, pulse pressure were noted. The presence of reliable direct correlation of the weak degree of physical culture and sports with the majority of studied hemodynamic parameters was revealed.

Background: Over the past decades, the relation between children’s health risks of medical and social factors has changed. In order to determine health effects of some medicosocial factors among primary school children we conducted a questionnaire-based survey of parents in different years. Materials and methods: The studies were conducted in schools of the city of Ufa in the years 2005 and 2017 and included 456 and 465 parents of primary school children, respectively. Results: We established statistically significant relationships between the analyzed medicosocial factors and children’s health. We noticed a decrease in the number of children with the least risk of developing a disease and an increase in the number of children at risk. We also observed some differences between the years of research in adverse health effects of occupational factors in mothers, alcohol consumption by mothers during the perinatal period, and living conditions. Along with the already known risk factors, we found that chronic diseases and tobacco smoking of the father of the unborn child played an important role in the health of schoolchildren. The survey demonstrated that in the year 2017 primary school children spent less time watching television but much more time on the computer than in 2005. Conclusions: A systematic study of medical and social factors is essential for establishing children’s health risk factors and developing appropriate preventive measures. Most risk factors associated with the lifestyle and living conditions are manageable and this fact emphasizes the importance of creating a healthy lifestyle of children and their parents.

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