Recently, the development of conversational system as a medium of conversation between human and computer have made a great stride. This human and computer communication has covered the way for enormous natural language processing techniques. A chatbot is a computer system that allows human to interact with computer using natural language. The chatbots system are widely used in various field such as in businesses, education, healthcare and many more. The design and development of chatbots involves variety of techniques. Therefore, in this paper, we presents the review of techniques used to design Chatbots. A few examples of chatbots design is also discussed to give an understanding on how chatbots works and what are the type of approaches available for chatbots development. With rapid development in Chatbots technology, it is hoped that it could complement human constraints and optimize the productivity.

An ageing population is a universal phenomenon experienced worldwide. In parallel with these demographic changes, a significant breakthrough in digital devices has also influenced this digital age. Designing instructional strategies to promote meaningful learning among older adult learners has been a long-standing challenge. To enhance older adults’ life-long learning experiences, implementing instructional strategies in the process through which such adults learn can help to improve effective learning. Despite significant calls for research in this area, there is still insufficient research that systematically reviews the existing literature on older adult learning needs and preferences. Hence, in the present article, a systematic literature review was conducted of the effectiveness of instructional strategies designed for older adult learners through the use of digital technologies. The review was guided by the publication standard, which is ROSES (Reporting Standard for Systematic Evidence Syntheses). This study involves articles selected from two established databases, Web of Science and Scopus. Data from the articles were then analysed using the thematic analysis, which resulted in six main themes: (1) collaborative learning; (2) informal learning setting; (3) teaching aids; (4) pertinence; (5) lesson design; and (6) obtaining and providing feedback. The six main themes produced a further 15 sub-themes. The results from this study make significant contributions in the areas of instructional design and gerontology. The findings from this study highlight several important strategies of teaching digital technology, particularly for older adults, as follows: (1) to enhance instructional design use in teaching digital technology based on the needs and preferences of older adult learners; and (2) to highlight the factors for, and impact of, learning digital technologies among older adults.

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Ageing populations are turning to technology in greater numbers than ever. New technology is being designed to help older people live independently for longer. Despite the usefulness of mobile phones especially older people, the current problems with its complex features and interface designs have intimidated some older people users from using the device. The authors wished to explore exposure to the real-world technology needs of older people by evaluating the mobile phones use among them. Although numerous studies have been reported on the various benefits of interviewing in HumanComputer Interaction (HCI) research, little is known about preparatory interviewing in engaging with ageing population. The purpose of this study was to explore the interviewing technique in eliciting requirements from older people. A qualitative approach and semi-structured interviews were used with a sample size of seven Malaysian elders. This paper reports interview experience with the older people. The results suggest that the interviewing guidelines are recommended to be applied in the future research on HCI and older people.

Abstract-The scenario of rapid development in Information Communication Technology and the increasing population of older people in this twenty-first century has urged more Human Computer Interaction researchers to endeavour study pertaining how technology can assist older people in their lives. Older adult generally experience some significant changes as they grow older including physical, cognitive and behavioural changes. The increasing number of older people globally motivates researches to find out how web technology can help the older people in their daily activities instead of their disability. Therefore, a total number of 14 older people were invited to attend a web technology workshop and learn how to use the government application known as MyEG and a social network application which is Facebook. Through researchers' observation, older people prefer to use applications that they are interested in and easy to use. Learning method is even better using face to face coaching and ample time is needed in understanding new technology. Besides, older people need additional tools such as notes to help them remember things they learn easily. This study can be extended in future to identify the preferable method and technology design to teach older people using not only Web technology but the mobile applications as well.