Mosul is the provincial capital of the Nineveh Governorate located on the River Tigris, near the ancient city of Nineveh. The study focused on the urban planning of the old Mosul City, which was built hundreds of years ago, or even thousands of years, and its cultural, security, economic, and environmental importance. The city was designed according to the topography of the undulating area, and the slopes and tops of the hills were used for building houses, and the valleys that represent water drainage systems were used to make zukaks. This is evidenced by the passage of the waters of the runways and their movement from the highest areas and their flow to the main streets that represent the highest levels of drainage systems or the main valleys that eventually flow into the Tigris River. This unique design was of great importance in the cleanliness of the city, especially in the rainy seasons. The city was washed from the highest point to the bottom, and there were no floods inside the city except in relatively newly built areas, such as the Tawafa area, which was named as a result of its immersion in water during the winter and spring seasons. The obtained results of the study show a significant match between the natural drainage systems and the urban planning of the old city. This congruence appeared as a result of some geotechnical problems in the buildings and main streets, as there was a large inclination for most of the relatively high commercial buildings in and towards these streets. In these streets over time, there has been numerous successive collapse and settlement. The cause may be attributed to the weakness of the filling materials, as well as the flow of groundwater through them because this water follows the ancient course of the main valleys.

The environmental impact was illustrated by rockslide and erosion on the Duhok Dam and its reservoir. The evaluation of the geotechnical characteristics of the Gercus Formation was conducted. The research plan was divided into three phases, field, laboratory, and office works. The fieldwork included studying all the geological phenomena of the region related to the environmental impact. The laboratory work focused on studying the geotechnical properties of the various rock samples taken from the Gercus Formation. Rocklab program was used to define the geotechnical properties of a rock mass. The results indicated the weak resistance of the Gercus Formation rocks to weathering and erosion processes, as well as their weak resistance to sliding. These results indicate a kind of risk for this formation on the stability of the dam, as well as its effect on the size of the reservoir storage, due to erosion and deposition of huge amounts of sediments in the dam reservoir.

Mosul has been freed from the clutches of terrorists since 2018, yet the city remains in serious need of reconstruction and redevelopment. The current study attempts to determine whether the fragments of damaged structures can be used in the reconstruction of the old city of Mosul, as well as its economic, cultural, and civilizational feasibility. Old-heritage materials have been categorized into four primary categories, which can be used to avoid confusion while disposing of them. The first category includes antique art elements such as struts, gypsum arches, door frames, and windows, the majority of which were less than 200 years old. The second category included items that were more than 200 years old and were discovered in a few locations, including the Great Mosque of Al-Nuri and the Al-Tahera Church. The third category consists of irregularly shaped stone building materials that were extensively employed in the construction of home walls and ceilings and have survived their engineering characteristics for decades. There are two primary types of stone building materials: limestone and gypsum stone. Finally, plaster, a once-common binder, produced enormous quantities of recyclable materials as well as the new mortar that might be utilized in rebuilding. These significant old-heritage materials went unnoticed and were handled haphazardly. Many of them were removed by massive bulldozers, resulting in the dilemma of their destruction and the search for places to discard them. Recycling these old-heritage materials, according to the study, will help to preserve the irreplaceable artifacts embossed with magnificent ornamentation, sketches, and inscriptions. Obtaining antiquities buried beneath these structures that could be 800 years old or older. Taking advantage of low-cost, high-economic-feasibility building materials and abandoning the idea of destroying and discarding them, which costs a lot of money and pollutes the environment. The geotechnical assessment of categories 1, 3, and 4 revealed that they are recyclable. Category 1 showed that the percentage of damage caused by nature does not exceed 1% and 7% as a result of the war. In categories 3 and 4, the proportion of natural damage caused by weathering does not exceed 1%, while the percentage of natural damage caused by war does not exceed 3%.

Morphotectonic features were investigated in the Shireen anticline, which is located in the Kurdistan region of northern Iraq to get more insight into the effect of the tectonic activity on this anticline. For deducing and illustrating the morphotectonic features of the anticline, some digital processing methods have been applied to the part of the image of Landsat in which this anticline appears, and using the Digital Elevation Model. The results explained the identification of such morphotectonic features such as faults, joints, and flat irons topography, and then updated the structural style of the anticline by identifying and drawing the inferred morphotectonic features. The tectonic activity was evaluated in terms of applying longitudinal profiles analysis to some selected valleys in both limbs of the anticline. Consequently, the prominence of knick points in the bottoms of the selected valleys reflects the existence of sudden slopes. Therefore, the southwestern limb of the anticline was suffered more tectonic uplifting activity, and this is clear from the appearance of the triangular shapes in the central part of this limb towards the southeastern plunge of the anticline.

Analysis of the terrain using three-dimensional models offers a deep insight view of ground surface topography and terrain representation. The Chinara anticline is one of the main structures of NW-SE trends for the highly folded zone in northeastern Iraq. The objective of this study is to understand the interrelationship between topography and morphotectonic features using three-dimensional models. This research employed fourth generates principal raster derivative products from the DEM using ArcGIS. To understand the undulating of this anticline with the morphotectonic style, the adaptive equation has been suggested to determine the direction and amount of the main tectonic forces, which can be applied to other undulated anticlines. The values of northeastern and southwestern limbs undulating index UI are 11.7 and 7.8 respectively that indicates the strong tectonic force towards the northeast. Two listric faults have been conducted via the field survey that confirmed by remotely sensed interpretation and DEM products. These listric faults had an intensive impact in comparison with concluded strike-slip faults, and then the Chinara anticline would be less structural undulating in a region of vicinity syncline to Perat undulation. The morphotectonic landscapes reveal that the listric fault has branched into two parts, the first one extending to form the anticline and the other comprises the structural dilemma.