Breast fat necrosis (FN) originates from aseptic fat saponification, which is a typical lipid cyst or a spiculated lesion called mammographic presentation which mimics malignancy. In order to avoid biopsy, it would be necessary to identify the spectrum of fat necrosis appearances. A systematic research was conducted in October 2018 by using PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar databases and Google to search for science literature published after 2004. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review, it is that the FN can provide radiologists, surgeons, and oncologists with better insight and help them manage the condition efficiently.

Pentoxifylline reduces peritoneal adhesions and increases peritoneal fibrinolysis in rodents. Furthermore, the activation of the fibrinolytic system by streptokinase leading to degradation of fibrin is effective in the prevention of adhesion formation. We have investigated the effects of pentoxifylline and streptokinase alone and/or coadministration on postoperative intra-abdominal adhesion formation in adult female NMRI mice. Drugs were administered from the day of surgery until 10 days after surgery. At relaparotomy 11 days after surgery, the abdomen was opened, and the adhesions were graded in a blinded fashion utilizing the classification system described. Oral gavage administration of lower doses of pentoxifylline (3.125, 6.25, and 12.5 mg/kg) had no significant effect on postsurgical adhesion formation, while the higher doses of pentoxifylline (25 and 50 mg/kg) significantly decreased postsurgical adhesion formation. Moreover, intraperitoneal injection of lower doses of streptokinase (9.375, 18.75, and 37.5 unit/kg, i.p.) had no significant effect on postsurgical adhesion formation, while the higher doses of streptokinase (75 and 150 unit/kg) significantly decreased postsurgical adhesion formation. In other series of experiments, coadministration of lower doses of pentoxifylline and streptokinase doses, which were ineffective when given alone, significantly decreased postsurgical intra-abdominal adhesion formation compared with streptokinase control group. The results suggest that pentoxifylline may interfere with streptokinase in the reduction of postoperative intraabdominal adhesion formation by enhancing local fibrinolytic activity.

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Background and aims: Partial gastrectomy surgeries are conducted frequently due to various reasons but there is no consensus regarding the method of choice for gastrointestinal reconstruction. In this study we aimed to compare billruth II with Braun anastomosis and Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy. Materials and methods: This prospective study was conducted on patients presented to surgery clinic at Besat and Taleghani hospital between 2018-2020 who were gastrectomy candidates. Patients undergoing Billruth 2 reconstruction with Braun anastomosis or Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy were enrolled in the study. Demographics, operation durative and intraoperative blood loss, early postoperative complications, re-admission within 30 days postoperation, 30-day and 90-day mortality were recorded. at an at least 3-month post-surgery period, patients were followed for late postoperative complications. If necessary, endoscopy was conducted and biopsy was taken. Analysis was performed with SPSS version 22. Results: 84 patients in two 42-patient groups were evaluated. All parameters were the same in two groups except operation duration and intraoperative bleeding (significantly higher in RY group), food residue (significantly higher in RY group) and bile in remnant stomach (significantly higher in B2B group). Conclusion: These two methods of reconstruction are comparable in terms of postoperative complications and mortality rates. Food residue and bile reflux are two determinants which should be kept in mind when choosing the surgery plan by surgeons. Keywords: gastrectomy, reconstruction, Billruth, Braun, Roux en Y anastomosis