Breast fat necrosis (FN) originates from aseptic fat saponification, which is a typical lipid cyst or a spiculated lesion called mammographic presentation which mimics malignancy. In order to avoid biopsy, it would be necessary to identify the spectrum of fat necrosis appearances. A systematic research was conducted in October 2018 by using PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar databases and Google to search for science literature published after 2004. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review, it is that the FN can provide radiologists, surgeons, and oncologists with better insight and help them manage the condition efficiently.

This study was performed to determine the trend of antibiotic resistance of the causative organisms among the patients suffering from nosocomial infections in Besat Hospital since 2013 to 2015. In this observational study that was performed as a retrospective cohort, 935 consecutive patients with nosocomial infection were enrolled in Besat Hospital since 2013 to 2015. The trend of antibiotic resistance of the causative organisms among them was determined and contributing factors were assessed. The finding of this study revealed that type of microorganisms had significant variation (p = 0.024): while the gram-negative bacilli have shown an increased level of resistance, the gram positive cocci had less resistance. The antibiotic resistance was increased for ampicillin/sulbactam, piperacillin/tazoactam, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefepime, meropenem, gentamicin, amikacin, ciprofloxacine, levofloxacine, nitrofurantoin, and ampicilline. However, it was decreased for colistin. In conclusion, antibiotic resistance has an increasing trend and strategic measures of prevention are needed to reduce nosocomial infections.

Triploidy is the most frequent chromosome abnormality in the gestational age. According to the study, survival of more than 2 months in triploid patients is very rare. A 7-year-old girl with mild mental retardation with dysmorphism was referred for genetic counseling and clinical evaluation to Sarem medical genetics department (Tehran, Iran, 2013). Clinical features of the child were mental retardation, prominent upper lip, microgenitalia, prominent forehead, foot fingers syndactyly, and short hypoplastic 5th finger. G banding technique, skin biopsy, and Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) testing were performed. Brain Imaging was evaluated. The karyotype of patient showed triploid (69, XXX) chromosome complement in all the metaphase spreads. However, two cell lines were found in metaphase of cultured cutaneous biopsy. The majority of the cells the body were triploid (69, XXX) and 16% of cells were diploid (46, XX). Findings of the FISH testing using X and Y Satellite enumeration probes in all studied peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) cells, included 3 signals and none signal respectively indicating X and Y chromosomes. Also, cultured of cutaneous biopsy finding showed 66% of cells had three signals (triploid) and 34 percent of cells had two signals (diploid) and mosaicism was confirmed. Karyotypes of parents and the brain imaging were normal. This study presents a rare case of triploidy with long survival with normal karyotypes of PBL and mosaicism in skin biopsy and interphase FISH.

Objective: Among natural disasters, earthquake is associated with heavy fatalities and financial damages, causing considerable mortality. The complications resulting from getting trapped in rubble, secondary traumas, obligation to reside in temporary shelters, along with other factors such as limited mobility, stress, and dehydration, predispose earthquake survivors to Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT). The aim of the present study is to investigate the rate of DVT after an earthquake using a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: To perform the present study, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was used. The protocol of this review study has been registered in the International Perspective Register of Systematic Review (PROSPERO) with the code of CRD42021290375. Credible data resources including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Magiran, SID, and Embase were used for extracting relevant studies. Random effect model was used to perform the meta-analysis. I2 was ritualized to investigate heterogeneity across the studies. Publication bias of studies was evaluated using the Begg test. Results: In this study, 267 primary studies were identified and extracted. After removing the duplicate ones and the screening, eventually 12 final studies were chosen for the meta-analysis. Based on the meta-analysis results, the total rate of DVT was 9.07% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.32-10.81; I2 = 97.9%; P = 0<0.001). Analysis of DVT in the subgroups of the general population and patient survivors were 11.43% (95% CI: 9.06-13.79; I2 = 98%; P = 0<0.001) and 2.51% (95% CI: 0.04-4.63; I2 = 77.7%; P = 0.001). Also, based on the Begg test, the publication bias in the chosen studies was not considerable. Conclusions: DVT rate in earthquake survivors is higher compared with other disasters, and over time it finds a growing trend. After earthquake, the focus of rescue and health-care teams is on individuals with observable injuries and damages. Because DVT is first asymptomatic but has fatal consequences, including pulmonary embolism and sudden death, it should be incorporated in health’s status assessment of earthquake-stricken people as well as screening and diagnostic programs of health-care providers.

Leech therapy is a safe, easy‐to‐use, cost‐effective traditional treatment to save reattached body parts and flaps in reconstructive plastic surgery especially in cases with blood circulatory problems.