A.       Kekerasan dalam rumah tangga adalah tindakan yang dilakukan di dalam rumah tangga baik oleh suami, istri, maupun anak yang berdampak buruk terhadap keutuhan fisik, psikis, dan keharmonisan hubungan sesuai yang termaktub dalam pasal 1 UU Nomor 23 tahun 2004 tentang Penghapusan Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga (UU PKDRT). Perempuan merupakan pihak paling rentan terhadap kekerasan dalam rumah tangga maupun dalam relasi personal. Satu hal yang musti diingat adalah bahwa kekerasan terhadap istri atau pasangan bukan merupakan fenomena baru tetapi merupakan fenomena yang telah berlangsung lama dan derajat keseriusannya menunjukkan peningkatan sepanjang waktu. Kekerasan atau penyiksaan terhadap kaum perempuan dapat berupa kekerasan fisik, psikis, maupun kekerasan seksual. Penelitian lapangan yang berbentuk deskriptif kualitatif ini ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk-bentuk kekerasan yang diterima oleh ibu rumah tangga di kelurahan Sukamerindu kecamatan Sungai Serut Bengkulu, mendeskripsikan faktor penyebab terjadinya kekerasan, kemudian mendeskripsikan  pengetahuan ibu-rumah tangga di wilayah tersebut tentang keserasian gender serta membuktikan apakah ada keterkaitan antara pengetahuan tentang keserasian gender dengan bentuk kekerasan yang mereka terima. Bentuk-bentuk kekerasan yang diterima ibu rumah tangga di wilayah tersebut adalah kekerasan ekonomi, kekerasan psikologis, kekerasan fisik dan kekerasan seksual. Penyebab kekerasan tersebut adalah : 1) faktor dari individu yang bersangkutan, 2) faktor pasangan yang berselingkuh, pemabuk, penjudi dan berperangai buruk, 3) faktor ekonomi dengan penghasilan rendah, dan faktor sosial budaya. Pengetahuan akan keserasian gender pada kelompok ini tergolong baik tetapi tidak ada keterkaitan antara pengetahuan akan keserasian gender dengan bentuk-bentuk dan frekuensi kekerasan yang diterima.

Using a combined approach and the Research and Development/R&D method, this study aims to provide Rejang culture-based PAI textbooks that can improve the character of hard work in junior high school students in the Lebong district, as well as to assess whether the textbook is appropriate and effective for increasing the character of hard work in high school students. The research findings are as follows: 1) The following steps are taken to create Rejang culture-based PAI textbooks: First, conduct a needs assessment at the research site. The needs analysis results are used as the basis for compiling a draft textbook, secondly validating the draft textbook that has been made, thirdly revising the textbook in accordance with input from validators consisting of material experts, education experts, linguists, and practitioners/teachers, fourthly conducting limited trials of books that have been revised, fifthly revising based on consideration of the results of limited field trials, and sixthly conducting tr 2) PAI textbooks based on Rejang Culture are appropriate for developing a work ethic. 3) Rejang Culture-based PAI textbooks are effective at developing students' work ethic. The implication of this research is that as the distance between students and learning materials closes, the use of local culture in textbooks creates an attraction for reading books, fostering enthusiasm for learning, making it easier to absorb, understand, and achieve learning goals faster. Furthermore, using textbooks that incorporate elements of local culture can help students improve their character.

One of the problems that had received the attention of almost all universities in Indonesia was the radicalization of thought which resulted in anarchism, intolerance and even violence in the name of religion. Radicalism at least at the level of thought had received support from the campus community. On several campuses, the tendency of students to support radicalism was also very high. Terror events that often occurred lately involve a lot of educated people including students or alumni from a college. The experimental research which compare the pretest and posttest were if the subject matter of deradicalization include in Islamic learning and use the method of active learning of jigsaw models and assignments could reduce radicalism in college.