Background: Childhood obesity became a major nutritional problem in the last decades and growing rapidly in many countries, including Indonesia. Processed food especially ultra-processed food (UPF) as part of NOVA classification had known to contain obesogenic nutrients which were high energy-dense, fatty, sugary, and salty may lead to higher body mass index-for-age (BAZ). Objective: The study aimed to assess the correlation between UPF and BAZ among school-age children 10-12 years old in Surabaya. Methods: A cross-sectional study and data collection were conducted in three public and private schools in Surabaya, East Java Indonesia from March-April 2020. Elementary students in the 4th and 5th grades were enrolled and 136 students were randomly selected as respondents. Weight and height measurements were obtained for calculating the BAZ, and UPF consumption was obtained by food frequency questionnaire. Structured questionnaires and physical activity questionnaires for children (PAQ-C) were used to assess socio-demographic status, physical activity level, energy intake, and sedentary screen time. ANOVA test was done for bivariate analysis and linear regression for multivariate analysis, all data analyzed used SPSS version 20. Results: The result found a mean of BAZ was 0.31 SD; 35.3% of respondents were in the 1st tercile of UPF consumption. Most of the respondents had inadequate TEI and low PAL. No significant association was found between UPF consumption and BAZ (p=0.217). Only physical activity that significant in multivariate analysis (p=0.032) Conclusion: It was necessary to distinguish the type of obesogenic and non-obesogenic UPF to get a clear correlation between UPF consumption and BAZ among school-age children.

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Obesitas pada wanita dengan status sosial ekonomi rendah banyak ditemui di permukiman padat. Rendahnya status sosial ekonomi dapat berdampak pada perubahan pola makan, seperti kebiasaan konsumsi camilan yang diketahui menjadi penyebab obesitas. Selain perubahan pola makan, perubahan gaya hidup seperti berkurangnya waktu tidur juga dapat terjadi karena kondisi lingkungan maupun tuntutan pekerjaan. Berkurangnya waktu tidur akan berdampak pada kesehatan. Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis hubungan kebiasaan konsumsi camilan dan durasi waktu tidur dengan obesitas pada ibu rumah tangga di permukiman padat penduduk. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Sampel penelitian adalah 70 wanita yang sudah menikah berusia 20-55 tahun di Kelurahan Simolawang Kecamatan Simokerto, Surabaya. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan multistage random sampling. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan metode wawancara menggunakan kuesioner untuk mendapatkan data karakteristik responden dan durasi waktu tidur. Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) dilakukan untuk mengetahui kebiasaan konsumsi camilan. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji chi square (=0,05). Hasil: Hasil menunjukkan bahwa 54,3% responden jarang mengonsumsi camilan dan 50% responden memiliki waktu tidur yang kurang. Durasi waktu tidur memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan kondisi obesitas (p=0,009). Selain itu kebiasaan konsumsi camilan dan obesitas juga menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan (p=0,004). Kesimpulan: Diperlukan adanya pembatasan konsumsi camilan dan tidur dengan durasi waktu cukup, yaitu 7 jam per malam untuk mencegah terjadinya obesitas.

Background: Previous studies have shown that adolescents prefer less healthy food and their eating habits will affect their nutritional status in adulthood and old age. School canteen is a part of food retailing and provisioning that influence the diet quality of the adolescents. Healthy school canteen intervention is recommended as one of the public health strategies in supporting the development of healthy diet behavior.  Objectives: To evaluate the effects of a healthy school canteen intervention program among middle school children.  Methods: A mixed-methods research design including focus group interviews for teachers and principal, observation on school canteen, a survey for food handlers and food testing for hazardous chemicals. Thematic analysis of focus group data and descriptive analyses of survey data were conducted. Four schools were selected as intervention groups and four schools as positive control groups. Data collection phase took place between April 22 and May 2, 2019.  Results: Only one school out of eight schools that had written commitment and a food safety team. In intervention school 50% of food handlers use personal protective equipment and 25% of food handlers received training. In the positive control group, none of the food handlers used personal protective equipment and they had not received any training. Food handlers in the positive control group have a higher rate of correct answers. Only 2 out of 4 schools in the intervention group had nutritious foods available in the canteen and 3 out of 4 schools in the positive control group. None of the school canteens were found positive for metanil yellow. Higher positive findings for Rhodamin B, Formaldehyde and Borax (33.3%, 60.0%, 33.3%, respectively) in the control group compared to the control group (28.6%, 27.3%, and 28.6%, respectively).  Conclusions: Intervention groups have been slightly more successful in creating healthy school canteens, as they had a slightly better total score in the observation sheet compared to the schools from the positive control group. Collaboration with another stakeholder such as Primary Health Center (PHC) can be thought of as a solution to train food handlers about healthy practice while handling the food.

Kecukupan gizi pada masa prakonsepsi akan menentukan output kelahiran anak dan pertumbuhan anak serta menunjang fungsi alat reproduksi agar dapat berperan optimal. Sayangnya banyak pasangan calon pengantin yang belum mengetahui pentingnya gizi prakonsepsi yang harus diterapkan sebelum ibu hamil. Tingginya permasalahan ibu selama masa kehamilan menunjukkan pentingnya gizi prakonsepsi dan dibutuhkan pendidikan gizi dan promosi kesehatan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan perilaku sehat dalam mempersiapkan kehamilan. Sebagai salah satu upaya menurunkan angka stunting, maka dibutuhkan peningkatan pengetahuan dan kapasitas pada remaja dan calon pengantin agar dapat mempersiapkan kehamilan yang sehat, salah satunya melalui kursus persiapan pra nikah. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengembangkan media edukasi berbasis hybrid learning (kombinasi online dan offline). Penelitian ini berupa edukasi gizi yang didasarkan pada kontstruksi Health Belief Model pada remaja dan calon pengantin, khususnya untuk meningkatkan niat, sikap, norma subyektif dan perceived behavioral control terhadap penerapan gizi prakonsepsi. Sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan edukasi, dilakukan pretest dan posttest untuk mengukur peningkatan pengetahuan peserta. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diketahui edukasi gizi prakonsepsi pada kursus persiapan pernikahan secara offline dapat meningkatkan secara signifikan pengetahuan peserta (p<0,001) karena proses interaksi dua arah yang berjalan dengan lebih baik. Untuk itu disarankan pemberian edukasi gizi prakonsepsi pada kursus persiapan pernikahan dapat diberikan secara offline.