BackgroundPrognostication plays a pivotal role in critical care medicine. Its importance is indisputable in the management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as the presentation of this disease may vary from docile, self-limiting symptoms to lethal conditions. Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, much emphasis was initially placed on molecular and serological testing. However, it was realized later that routine laboratory tests also provide key information in terms of the severity of the disease and thus could be used to predict the outcome of these patients.

BackgroundThe importance of prognostication in critical care cannot be over-emphasized, especially in the context of diseases like dengue, as their presentation may vary from mild fever to critical life-threatening illness. With the help of prognostic markers, it is possible to identify patients at higher risk and thus improve their outcome with timely intervention. Basic arterial blood gas (ABG) parameters, i.e., potential of hydrogen (pH), partial pressure of oxygen (PO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) and bicarbonate are useful parameters, especially in critical care medicine as they are known to vary with the severity of illness. Hyperlactatemia is often referred to as a "powerful predictor of mortality". Basic ABG parameters and lactate have been used as an essential prognostic modality in critically ill patients for decades; however, the evidence remains limited for their role as prognostic markers in patients with severe dengue. Method

Introduction: Pulmonary tuberculosis is major public health problem in developing countries like India.Millions of people have died from tuberculosis. Many times it is difficult to get sputum sample from the patients. Some tests lack specificity, some other lack sensitivity. Hence, there is need of precise and faster diagnosis for patients attending hospitals. In this study, we compared the detection potential of biochemical and immunological markers(ADA, LDH and Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra ES-31 & EST-6 antigens & antibodies based ELISAs) in pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: 50 pulmonary tuberculosis cases confirmed by sputum examinationfor acid fast bacilli (AFB) and 50 age and sex matched control subjects were included in this study.ADA & LDH were estimated by using commercial kits. Tubercular antigens and antibodies were detected by ELISA method. Results: SerumADA detected pulmonary tuberculosis with sensitivityand specificityof 94%. Sensitivity and specificity of serum LDH in detecting pulmonary tuberculosis was found to be 94% and 36% respectively.Serumtubercular antigens detected pulmonary tuberculosis with sensitivity and specificity of 88%. Sensitivity and specificity of serum tubercular antibodies in detecting pulmonary tuberculosis was found to be 80% and 90% respectively. Conclusion: Adenosine deaminase has better detection potential over other markers in pulmonary tuberculosis. Keywords: Adenosine deaminase, Lactate dehydrogenase, Tuberculosis antigen-antibody