Adolescence is characterised by a higher prevalence of risk-taking and the challenging of social norms, which appears to bear a relationship to personal abilities and social-cognitive deficits. With the aim of understanding this relationship, a comparative study was undertaken with two groups of adolescents, one belonging to the standard population and one comprising young people who have been subject to correctional measures. In order to evaluate the variables involved, use was made of the Questionnaire for the Assessment of Psychopathology in Adolescence (Q-PAD). The results obtained show that both groups display significant differences in all the variables considered in the Questionnaire, with the exception of those relating to body dissatisfaction and family conflicts. Succinctly, it emerged that the juvenile offenders had emotional and interpersonal problems and were at risk of psychological disturbance. They demonstrated uncertainty about the future, liability to substance abuse, and issues of self-esteem. These results suggest the need for prevention and intervention programmes which specifically take into account these variables. ResumenLa adolescencia constituye una etapa caracterizada por una mayor prevalencia de conductas de riesgo y antinormativas que se relacionan con competencias personales y sociocognitivas deficitarias. Al objeto de conocer dicha relación, se llevó a cabo un estudio comparativo con dos grupos de adolescentes -uno perteneciente a la población normal (n = 35) y el otro compuesto por jóvenes sujetos a medidas de reforma (n = 44) -. Para la evaluación de las variables objeto de estudio se utilizó el Cuestionario para la Evaluación de Problemas en Adolescentes (Q-PAD). Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto que ambos grupos presentan diferencias significativas en todas las variables contempladas en el instrumento a excepción de las relativas a la insatisfacción corporal y a los conflictos familiares. Sucintamente, se encontró que los menores infractores presentan problemas emocionales, interpersonales, de riesgo psicosocial, incertidumbre sobre el futuro, abuso de sustancias y de autoestima. Los resultados sugieren la necesidad de programas de prevención e intervención que contemplen dichas variables de forma específica.
Objetivo: Identificar la mejor evidencia científica respecto a intervenciones de salud para disminuir el índice de masa corporal en niños escolares con obesidad. Método: Revisión de la literatura con base a declaración PRISMA-2020; criterios de selección: estudios de tipo cuantitativo, ensayo clínico controlado y estudios de casos y controles; publicados de 2015 a 2020, idiomas español, portugués e inglés, texto gratuito. Descriptores: (niño), (child); (obesidad), (obesity); (índice de masa corporal), (boby mass index); (escolares), (schoolchildren). Seis estudios seleccionados con un nivel de evidencia tipo I y grado de recomendación “A”. Resultados principales: Estudios aplicados en escuelas primarias en Reino Unido, España, China y Chile; el resultado primario fue el IMC estadísticamente significativo menor después de la intervención, el 83.3% mostro un nivel de evidencia I y grado de recomendación "1A” recomendables para su aplicación en la práctica. Conclusión general: La literatura muestra la disminución significativa del IMC, esta disminución es sólo durante el periodo de intervención; se identifica la necesidad de desarrollar intervenciones con seguimiento a largo plazo. Se recomienda continuar con el análisis y difusión de las diversas intervenciones diseñadas por la comunidad científica, así como favorecer su inclusión y aplicación dentro del marco de los programas de salud de cada país.
Introduction: The parental responsibility of parents regarding the feeding of children implies having a responsible job when selecting, preparing and offering food to their children; in addition, qualities of exemplary behavior such as healthy eating behavior that influences the habits that their children acquire; however, there are multiple determining factors that negatively affect it. Objective: To identify the determining factors in the parental responsibility of caregivers to promote an eating behavior in children from 6 months to 12 years old. Methods: The review will be carried out according to the methodology proposed by Hilary Arksey and Lisa O`Malley updated by The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) for scoping review. A comprehensive search strategy will be applied with the support of the research librarian to refine the search and locate the studies. Inclusion criteria of quantitative, qualitative and mixed studies will be applied, in titles, abstract and full text; Two reviewers will independently extract the information using a screening tool; finally, the results will be presented narratively and tables or figures will be used. Ethics and disclosure: This scoping review will involve a secondary analysis of the data already collected and therefore does not require ethical approval. The results of this research will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals for publication and will also be disseminated at conferences and seminars.
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