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a b s t r a c tChernozem is a soil group with calcium carbonate which is found extensively throughout the Heilongjiang province of the People's Republic of China. As one of the main corn belts in the world, the area has continuous planting of corn every year, but that lead to continuous cropping injury. Many corn stalks remain on the soil surface in autumn, so these corn stalks should be buried into the subsoil to retain rainwater underground. This can be accomplished with a special plough which we newly designed and built in this paper. The results show that when the corn stalk length was less than 1000 mm, a smooth burial took place. A total draught of this plough was measured at about 35 kN.

A method is proposed for soil improvement of salt-affected soils to till down to about 600 mm in depth by a special plough. The goal is to cut off the capillary rise of the groundwater by creating a coarse layer of tilled subsoil.Earlier, a plough configuration to produce soil clods with the proper size in the subsoil was determined in an indoor soil bin. In this paper, we designed and tested prototypical plough bodies in field experiments. A plough blade length less than 130 mm produced large soil clods and a blade length more than 130 mm generated small ones.With any length, deeper operating depth caused larger soil clods to form. The proper specifications of the third and fourth plough bodies of the special plough are as follows: the plough blade length is 130 mm, the operating width is 300 mm, the operating depth is 200 mm and the cutting angle is 20°.