A B S T R A C TBackground. COVID-19 in childrenalthoughmostly mild,but can also cause seriousillness and even death. Coinfection, especially bacterialcan increase the severity of thedisease. There is yet sufficient evidence about the role of antibiotics in childhoodCOVID-19 with coinfection.Objective. To review the available evidence on thecoinfection in childhood COVID-19 and the role of antibiotic administration.Method.Online literature search using Pubmed database, google scholar dan Cohcranelibrary Results.No study was found that directly evaluate the efficacy of antibiotic inchildhood COVID-19 with coinfection. Three meta-analyses found rates of coinfectionof 5.6%-14% and one case series identified a very high rate (94.2%). Most frequentpathogens included Mycoplasma pneumonia, Streptococcus pneumonia,andinfluenza/parainfluenza viruses. Two RCTsandone case series on antibioticadministration, but all three studies did not address coinfection status.All threestudies evaluated the combination of azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine. Nochanges in illness severity or mortality attributed to the medications, one studyindicated more rapid viral load clearance associated with azithromycin. ConclusionThere is a lack of evidence on the role of antibiotics in the management of childhoodCOVID-19with coinfection. Azithromycin can be considered in some cases.
Latar belakang. Banyak faktor yang dapat memicu serangan asma. Perhatian terhadap peran nutrisi antioksidan serta stres oksidatif pada kejadian asma beberapa tahun terakhir ini semakin meningkat. Beberapa penelitian melaporkan bahwa kadar vitamin C plasma yang rendah merupakan faktor risiko serangan asma, meskipun masih kontroversial. Belum ada penelitian mengenai vitamin C plasma dan asma di Indonesia.Tujuan. Menilai apakah kadar vitamin C plasma rendah merupakan faktor risiko serangan asma pada anak, dengan cara membandingkan kadar vitamin C plasma anak asma dalam serangan dan anak asma tidak dalam serangan.Metode. Desain penelitian ini adalah penelitian kasus kontrol. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara konsekutif. Subyek adalah semua anak yang terdiagnosis asma dalam serangan dan tidak dalam serangan di RSUPDR. Sardjito Yogyakarta sejak April 2012 sampai dengan Agustus 2013. Subyek dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, 39 anak kelompok asma tidak dalam serangan dan 39 anak kelompok asma dalam serangan. Kadar vitamin C plasma diperiksa dengan metode kuantitatif spektofotometer.Hasil. Karakteristik subyek, antara lain umur, jenis kelamin, riwayat kontak hewan peliharaan, riwayat kontak tungau debu rumah, perokok pasif, alergi makanan, infeksi saluran pernapasan, kadar vitamin C plasma. Analisis bivariat dilakukan dengan uji kemaknaan (nilai p<0,05), dan rasio Odds. Kadar vitamin C plasma kelompok asma dalam serangan dan tidak dalam serangan tidak berbeda bermakna dengan nilai p=0,77 dan rasio Odds 1,18 (IK95%: 0,32;3,64). Infeksi pernapasan merupakan faktor risiko serangan asma yang bermakna dengan nilai p=0,006 dan rasio Odds 3,6 (IK 95% 1,41;9,19).
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