Summaryobjective To quantify antibiotics sales without a prescription and to explore provision of patient assessment and medicine information related to antibiotics requested with or without a prescription in Surabaya community pharmacies.methods Scenarios of specific product requests (ciprofloxacin tablets and tetracycline capsules) and a request of amoxicillin dry syrups based on a new prescription were presented by simulated patients to 105 purposively selected pharmacies. Data were recorded by simulated patients after their purchase of each product. They documented the questions asked in patient assessment, the content of information given, recommendations provided and pharmacy workers' characteristics.results Antibiotics requested without a prescription were sold in 80 (91%) pharmacies. Information related to ciprofloxacin tablets and tetracycline capsules was only provided when requested by the simulated patient in 69% and 68% of pharmacies for the two scenarios, respectively. Very few pharmacies assessed patients. Medicine information on indication, dosing, duration and direction for use was provided more frequently in all cases. Medicine information was more likely to be given when a new prescription of amoxicillin dry syrups being presented. Overall, the majority of sampled pharmacies responded antibiotics requests inappropriately.conclusion Inappropriate responses to antibiotic requests with or without a prescription remain an issue in Indonesia with pharmacy workers often failing to adequately assess patients. The illegality of delivering antibiotics without a prescription is of a considerable concern. Therefore, strategies to control antibiotics dispensing in community pharmacies should be seriously considered.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that is complex and can be suffered for entire life. Patients with this disease are often desperate with a long therapy program, so that patient compliance can affect the success of the treatment. Factors that influence the treatment adherence can be analyzed using the PRECEDE model. To study the behavioral factors that affect patient adherence to oral antidiabetic drug consumption through the PRECEDE model. This study is an analysis and cross sectional research. Data retrieval is done by non random sampling with accidental sampling technique. The number of respondents obtained in this study were 58 patients who met the inclusion criteria. The research instrument used in this study was a questionnaire to be proposed using the Spearman test. The results of the Spearman correlation test showed that the coefficient correlation values for patient knowledge, patient attitudes, health facilities, and health worker behavior were 0.069 (p-value: 0.604), 0.226(p-value: 0.087), 0.171 (p-value: 0.199), and 0.287 (p-value: 0.029). The behavior of health workers has an influence on patient adherence to taking oral antidiabetic drugs.

Hypertension is one type of worldwide chronical desease that may cause complication with other perilous diseases. Preventive efforts are necessary to reduce hypertension rate, one of which is by pharmacotherapy. Control over medicine taking should be conducted at consistent and regular basis. This study is therefore aimed at identifying the behavior factor affecting patients' adherence to antihypertensive medicine taking. This study is descriptive qualitative analysis conducted at Pucang Sewu Local Government Clinic, Surabaya. Data collection was conducted with questionnaire and medicine prescription check. The data was analysed with Spearman correlation test to examine the efects of behavior factor upon patient's adherence to antihypertensive medicine taking. The result of the study shows that patients' adherence to hypertensive medicine taking at the Pucang Sewu Clinic was high, that of 72 samples, 51 respondents showed high adherence to antihypertensive medicine taking. The Spearman correlation test shows that patients's attitude significantly affect their adherence to antihypertensive medicine taking, with correlation coefficient 0.701 (significance < 0.0005), which is of the highest influence compared to other factors. Besides the patients' attitude, health facility and means have also affected significantly, while such factors as knowledge and pharmacist's behavior have insignificantly affected adherence to antihypertensive medicine taking in Pucang Sewu Clinic, Surabaya. Information on the influence of behavior towards adherence to antihypertensive medicine taking may help medical and pharmacy staff to decide medical steps for hypertension patients to reduce hypertension rate in Pucang Sewu Clinic, Surabaya.

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