It can be concluded that ghrelin, obestatin, and leptin are affected by presence of H. pylori seropositivity in obese subjects. The higher ghrelin levels and ghrelin/obestatin ratio with lowered obestatin could be considered as a gastro-protective effect against inflammation induced by H. pylori.

Background: Even with considerable progress in cancer researches, gastric cancer is still one of the global health problems. Recognition of the differential expressed genes in GC is the most appropriate approach for establishing new diagnostic targets. This study evaluates SEC13, SMAD7, GHRL, lncRNA GHRLOS, HIF-1α genes profiling as well as HIF-1α protein level for GC.Methods: The expression of selected genes, serum HIF-1α and CEA protein levels were determined for 50 GC patients and 50 healthy controls by real-time RT-PCR, ELISA, and ELICA respectively. The sensitivities of these parameters as diagnostic biomarkers were evaluated.Results: SMAD7, HIF-1α expression, serum HIF-1α, and CEA level were significantly upregulated in GC patients as compared to the control group and had significant positive correlations between most of them. On the other hand, SEC13, GHRL, and LncRNA GHRLOS expression were significantly downregulated in GC patients and had significant positive correlations with each other. Significant negative correlations were observed between most of both groups. All studied parameters were associated with GC clinical stages except SMAD7 was associated with stage IV only and GHRL did not associate with tumor stages.Conclusions: All studied parameters may be promising biomarkers for the early diagnosis of GC. SMAD7, HIF-1α gene, and HIF-1α protein may be jointly implicated in cancer development and prognosis, while SEC13, GHRL, and lncRNA GHRLOS may act as tumor suppressors.