Two variants of a polarimetric method to determine ice water content are presented. One uses specific differential phase and differential reflectivity and the other uses specific differential phase; both quantities are for a 10-cm wavelength. Theoretical considerations indicate that these polarimetric methods are suited for pristine ice crystals. Ice water content of lightly to moderately aggregated crystals might also be estimated. Verification of the proposed method is made using in situ data collected by the T-28 instrumented aircraft. Comparison with two estimators that use the reflectivity factor suggests that the polarimetric methods are better and can quantify correctly ice water content in the range above 0.1 g m Ϫ3 .

This paper reports measurements of the hadrons produced in the inelastic scattering of 147-GeV muons by protons and deuterons in an experiment carried out at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. Both the scattered muon and the hadrons were measured in a large spectrometer Properties of the hadron spectra are presented for proton, deuteron, and neutron targets and compared with theoretical models and with hadron spectra from related processes Emphasis is placed on the quark-parton model and the data are found to be in substantial agreement with it. The average transverse momentum of the hadrons with respect to the virtual photon direct~on shows no dependence on the muon scattering variables. The data display "jet behavior" of the inclusive hadrons comparable to that found in e+e-annihilat~ons.

We have studied the production of p and $ J mesons from muon scattering on a liquidhydrogen target at 150 and 100 GeV. For the p we observe a skewed mass distribution which becomes somewhat more normal with increasing Q 2 (the square of the fourmomentum transferred from the muon), and an exponential distribution in t (the square of the four-momentum transferred to the target proton) with a slope which is consistent with a slight decrease as Q2 increases. The dependence of the cross section on Q2 follows that of the square of the p propagator with little contribution from longitudinal p production. The angular distribution of the p decay confirms the smallness of the contribution from longitudinal p production at our energies. The cross section when extrapolated to Q2=0 agrees with that measured in real photoproduction. The decay angular distribution of the p decay shows that s-channel helicity is largely conserved, although we detect a helicity-single-flip contribution at the 10-15 %.level. Natural-parity exchange in the t channel dominates, and the transverse and longitudinal amplitudes are found to be in phase. These characteristics are consistent with the diffractive nature of the vectordominance model. The t distribution of # production is also exponential, although less steep than that for the p. We observe an elastically produced four-pion state at a mass of approximately 1600 MeV. We identify this state with the pf(1600), and find it to be produced with a distribution exponential in t.

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