In this paper, the broad context for the study of emotional dissonance and its importance to marketing is set out. The relevant literature on emotional dissonance, its antecedents and outcomes are introduced together with the knowledge gap in the literature, giving rise to the stimulus for a proposed future study. Finally, a conceptual framework for emotional dissonance is proposed together with the identification of key issues and the managerial implications from such a study.

Service industries, such as public bus transport, are time-bound, which makes it impossible to inventory their service output. The potential revenue from an empty seat on a bus is lost for good once the service run is complete. Conversely, when demand for a seat on a service run exceeds supply, the revenue is also lost. As public bus transport has a high fixed to variable cost ratio, these demand and supply imbalances have a significant impact on cost recovery performance. Addresses a number of factors that influence the cost recovery performance of public bus transport using data from one of Australia's largest operators. It considers the shortcomings of current fare price structures and how these may be changed to reflect operational cost drivers in a way that improves cost recovery performance. The various non-monetary costs passengers incur when purchasing and using public transport are also considered along with methods of reducing these to increase the revenue-generating performance of operators' fixed capacity.

Evans, Owen, and Phillips. 5021 965. The Activation of Carbon-Carbon l'r iple Bonds by Cationic Catalysts. Part I . The Interactgon of Trichloroacetic Acid with Phen ylacetylene in Benzene Solution.

Phenylacetylene and pent-l-yne react with stannic chloride in benzene to give a complex containing two molecules of the acetylene and one of stannic chloride. The presence of hydrogen chloride does not affect this reaction but brings about the production of cz trace of polymer containing conjugated double bonds.WE have previously investigated the action of trichloroacetic acid on phenylacetylene ; in this Paper we study the action of stannic chloride on phenylacetylene and on pent-l-yne with and without hydrogen chloride present. EXPERIMENTAL AND RESULTSMaterials.-Phenylacetylene was purified by the method described earlier. It was dried under vacuum by prolonged storage over barium oxide followed by distillation. When rigorously dried material was required, it was purified as follows. Tri-isobutylaluminium was added in successive small quantities using the high vacuum technique employed earlier for the addition of titanium tetrachloride to olefins.2 The system became yellow and addition of alkyl was continued until evolution of gas ceased; it was then outgassed and repeated distillation under vacuum gave the acetylene freed from all traces of tri-isobutylaluminium. The infrared spectrum of the acetylene after this treatment was identical with that before treatment. When phenylacetylene, dried in this way, was mixed with stannic chloride, a pale yellow solution resulted, whereas the addition of stannic chloride to the undried acetylene produced a black solution and a solid precipitate. The addition of both stannic chloride and tri-isobutylaluminium to the purified acetylene resulted in an immediate red-brown precipitate and the solution rapidly became viscous.These experiments show that the phenylacetylene after treatment with tri-isobutylaluminium (a) has not been attacked by the alkyl, (b) is drier than before treatment, and ( G ) contains no alkylaluminium, or does so in negligible concentration.Pent-l-yne was rigorously dried by this same technique using triethylaluminium as the desiccant.were purified as described earlier.Triethylaluminium and tri-isobutylaluminium (given by Petrochemicals Ltd., Carrington) were transferred under dry nitrogen into a high vacuum system where they were degassed and passed into a series of bulbs which were then sealed.Procedure.-A solution of the acetylene in benzene was made up and introduced into dilatometers under high vacuum conditions.3 Known amounts of stannic chloride and hydrogen chloride were added and the reaction was followed dilatometrically as described earlier. Reaction products were obtained either from reaction solutions which had proceeded to completion or, when large quantities were required for analysis, large dilatometers were used. Solvent and residual acetylene were distilled off leaving the reaction product-a blackish solid from the reaction of phenylacetylene and a brown liquid from the reaction of pent-l-yne. Distillation under vacuum of the liquid product from pent-l-yne gave a colourless oil, b. p. 60°/0.05 mm., and a black residue remained (-5%).The ...

The copolymerization of styrene and p‐methylstyrene has been initiated by Friedel‐Crafts metal halides, benzoyl peroxide, a Ziegler catalyst from triethylaluminum and titanium tetrachloride, alkali metal dispersions, and alkali metal‐naphthalene complexes in a variety of polar and nonpolar solvents. The composition of the initial copolymer from an equimolar monomer mixture was used as the basis for comparison of these systems. By a suitable choice of initiator and solvent, the copolymer composition was varied within the range 25–79 wt.‐% styrene. Cationic catalysts yield copolymers with low styrene contents while anionic and electron transfer initiator produce copolymers with high styrene contents. The compositions of the initial copolymers are briefly discussed in relation to the ionic character of the growing polymer–gegenion ion pair and the polarity of the reaction medium.