Purpose To evaluate the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measured with spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) patients, as a biological marker of neuronal damage. Methods Sixty‐four OSA patients and one hundred twenty‐nine healthy controls were consecutive and prospectively selected. Only one eye per subject was randomly chosen. AOS patients were classified in three groups according to apnea/hipopnea index: mild, moderate and severe. All participants performed a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination and at least a reliable standard automated perimetry (SAP). Peripapillary RNFL thicknesses were measured with the Spectralis OCT (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany). After checking for a normal distribution of variables, differences between both groups were tested by Student t test. Results Age was 50.6 ± 9.3 years in control eyes and 47.8 ± 11.5 years in AOS patients (p = 0.09). Mean deviation of SAP was ‐0.50 ± 1.0 dB and ‐1.4± 2.3 dB, in control and AOS patients, respectively (p<0.001). Pattern standard deviation and Visual Field Index (VFI) of SAP were also different between both groups. The RNFL thickness at temporal superior segment and the superior segment had lower thicknesses in AOS patients compared to healthy individuals. Conclusion OCT detected a mild reduction of RNFL thickness in AOS patients compared with healthy subjects. Visual field indices were also different between both groups.

Purpose To determine the relationship between retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measured with spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) and the retinal sensitivity tested by standard automated perimetry (SAP). Methods Two hundred and five subjects (100 healthy and 105 with different levels of glaucomatous damage subjects) were prospective and consecutively recruited. Only one eye per participant was randomly chosen. Glaucoma patients had intraocular pressure higher than 21 mmHg and glaucomatous optic disc appearance. All of them underwent imaging with the Spectralis OCT (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) and at least one reliable perimetry. SAPs were performed with a Humphrey Field Analyzer, using the 24‐2 SITA Standard strategy. Left eye data were converted to a right eye format. The Kolmogorov Smirnov test was applied to check that the data were normally distributed. Threshold values of SAP were converted to a linear scale. Pearson correlations were calculated between the 52 threshold values tested by 24‐2 algorithm of SAP and OCT parameters Results Age was not different between both groups (p=0.09). In the whole sample, the strongest correlation was found between point 15 of SAP and RNFL thickness at inferior quadrant (r=0.670; p<0.001). The healthy group showed few and mild correlations. In the glaucoma group, the strongest correlation was also found between point 15 of SAP and inferior RNFL thickness at inferior quadrant (0.664; p<0.001). Conclusion Normal individuals had mild correlations between few functional and structural parameters, while glaucoma patients showed mild to moderate correlations.

Purpose To evaluate the relationship of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thicknesses obtained with two different optical coherence tomography (OCT) systems, time‐domain OCT (Stratus; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, Ca) and spectral‐domain OCT (Cirrus; Carl Zeiss Meditec), in healthy and glaucomatous eyes. Methods Seventy healthy and 71 glaucoma individuals were prospective and consecutively selected. Only one eye per subject was included in the study. Glaucoma patients had intraocular pressure higher than 21 mmHg and abnormal standard automated perimetry (SAP). All participants underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination and at least 2 reliable SAPs. Peripapillary RNFL measurements were acquired with 2 different OCT systems (Stratus and Cirrus OCTs). Kolmogorov‐Smirnov test was applied to check normality of variables. Then, Pearson´s correlations were calculated between parameters of both OCTs in the healthy and glaucoma groups. Results Mean age was 56.1 ± 12.1 and 62.2 ± 9.1 years in the healthy and glaucoma groups, respectively (p=0.07). Moderate to strong correlations were observed between equivalent parameters of both devices. The strongest correlations were found for average RNFL thickness (r=0.928; p<0.001) and RNFL thickness at inferior quadrant (r=0.925; P<0.001) in the glaucoma group. The RNFL thickness at 3 o’clock position showed the mildest correlation (r=0.435; p<0.001) in the healthy group. Conclusion Although RNFL parameters cannot be interchanged between both devices, the RNFL measurements of time‐ and spectral‐domain OCTs had strong correlations in glaucoma patients.

Purpose To evaluate the agreement between the Moorfields regression analysis classification (MRA) of the Heidelberg retina Tomograph 3 (HRT3; Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) and the functional classification of white‐on‐white Heidelberg Edge Perimetry (HEP, Heidelberg Engineering). Methods Fifty‐seven normal subjects and 89 age‐matched glaucoma subjects were selected.Only one eye per subject was randomly included in the statistical analysis. All glaucoma patients had an intraocular pressure higher than 21 mmHg and abnormal Humphrey visual fields. The glaucoma group was divided into three subsets, according to the subject’s level of visual field loss (Hodapp‐Parrish‐Anderson score). All participants underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, at least a reliable Humphrey perimetry, at least a reliable HEP and imaging with the HRT3. The agreement between color‐coded classifications of both, MRA and HEP, was calculated for each sector of the optic nerve head: nasal‐superior Results Mean age was 52.9 ± 9.5 years in the control group and 55.5 ± 9.7 years in the glaucoma group (p=0.104). In the control group, the best agreement was found for NI sector (100%), while the worst agreement was observed for TI sector (93%). Patients with mild glaucoma (n=59) had the best agreement at NS sector (79.7%) while patients with moderate glaucoma (n=18) had the best agreement at NS, TS and TI sectors (88.9%), and patients with severe glaucoma (n=12) had the best agreement at NS, TS, TI and T sectors (83.3%). Conclusion In general, MRA and functional classification of HEP showed moderate to good agreement. The best agreement between both classifications was observed in healthy and patients with mild glaucoma.

Purpose To present two related cases with Duane Radial Ray syndrome, ophthalmologic affectation with Duane syndrome and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) hypoplasia. Methods The first patient (15‐years woman) showed Duane syndrome, reduction of visual acuity and pale optic discs. The other patient (12 years woman) presented Duane malformation. Both patients underwent a complete ophthalmologic evaluation with best corrected visual acuity, visual field examination, optical coherence tomography (OCT), scanning laser polarimetry, visual evoked potentials, pattern electroretinogram, and a genetic study. Results OCT and scanning laser polarimetry showed diffuse decrease of RNFL thickness, mainly left eye, retaining the typical morphology as double hump, in patient 1. Neurophysiology evaluation showed decrease in amplitudes of visual evoked potentials and pattern electroretinogram, and increased latency of P100 component. Neuro‐ophthalmologic exploration in patient 2 showed subclinical reduction of RNFL average thickness provided by OCT and increase of P50 and N95 latency by pattern electroretinogram. RNFL average thickness presents reduced scores in both patients, but without glaucomatous morphology. Conclusion Duane radial ray syndrome, also named Okihiro syndrome, may affect retinal nerve fiber layer development and visual acuity.