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Garnet films of composition Lu3−xBixFe5−yGayO12 are grown by liquid-phase epitaxy on [111]-oriented substrates of gadolinium gallium garnet. Faraday rotation and saturation magnetization are measured as a function of substitution levels, which range up to x=1.4 and y=1.8, respectively. Nonreciprocal propagation of the TM0 is studied at a wavelength of 1.3 μm. It is shown that the difference between forward and backward propagation constants can be optimized using double layers with opposite sign of the Faraday rotation. Agreement between experiments and calculations is excellent.

Depth profiles of titanium, iron, and niobium concentrations are investigated with an electron microprobe in planar optical LiNbO3:Ti waveguides additionally doped with iron. The profiles are well described by Gaussian functions allowing the determination of diffusion constants. The extraordinary refractive index of the waveguides can be described by a linear superposition of iron and titanium profiles.