The aim of the work – to analyze modern scientific and practical achievements in the effectiveness of implants in planned and emergency hernia surgery and to identify promising areas for further research. The literature review presents modern views on the assessment of biocompatibility, effectiveness and appropriateness of the use of implants in planned and urgent hernia surgery. The importance of determining the main factors of ventral hernia occurrence, assessing the prognostic components of the reparative process course in the field of hernioplasty and methods of correction has been substantiated. Physicochemical characteristics of implants, which both historically and on an up-to-date level are used according to planned or urgent conditions for performing surgical intervention in patients with ventral hernias, are given. The necessity of using an integrated approach to choosing a method for correction or reconstruction of the abdominal wall, taking into account the biological and dynamic conditions of its state, is shown. The need for a selective approach to the choice of therapeutic tactics in patients, especially if hernia repair is necessary in conditions of a clean-contaminated or infected surgical wound, is emphasized. Conclusions. In order to improve the consequences of hernioplasty, it is necessary to assess patient's reserves and risks more thoroughly and comprehensively, as well as to make absolute indications for the use of implants. An improvement in the results of urgent and planned repair of ventral hernias is to perform surgical interventions only in surgery departments constantly provided with modern world achievements.
The aim of the work. To analyze the world achievements in modern diagnostic and treatment tactics in patients with strangulated ventral hernias, as well as to outline promising and pragmatic directions for further research. The literature review presents current trends and views on the choice of individual components of the integrated diagnostic approach in patients with strangulated ventral hernias, and focuses on various principles of therapeutic tactics. The need to further improve the examination methods of abdominal organs, anterior abdominal wall, hernia contents (polypositional roentgenoscopy or roentgenography, ultrasound, CT, MRI) is emphasized and prospects of allohernioplasty and videolaparoscopic technologies with an integrated approach in choosing the method for correction or reconstruction of abdominal wall depending on the prognostic risk factors of postoperative complications are substantiated. Comparison of individual priorities of planned hernia surgery provided the opportunity to define the main directions in terms of urgent medical treatment features for patients with strangulated ventral hernias, taking into account a phasal nature of the pathological process and the availability and applicability of various synthetic implants. The literature analysis allowed for enough critical evaluation of the current state of tension-free allohernioplasty – the main fundamental principle of modern urgent surgery for ventral hernias and determining the main pragmatic directions of a selective approach in choosing the therapeutic tactics for patients with infected surgical wound. Conclusions. Urgent surgery of strangulated ventral hernias requires adequate and timely provision of individual and differentiated approaches in choosing the volume and method of surgery. Improvement of methods for predicting and preventing complications in patients with strangulated ventral hernias will expand the indications for the use of advanced types of tension-free hernioplasty.
The aim of the study is to substantiate the possibilities and analyze the results of fast-track technologies in patients with strangulated abdominal hernias without hollow organ resection. Materials and methods. The work was based on the result analysis of surgical treatment for 691 patients with strangulated abdominal hernias without resection of a hollow organ, who were divided into 2 groups depending on the specifics of diagnostic and therapeutic tactics, and into 2 subgroups depending on the localization of strangulated hernias. For patients of group 2, in contrast to group 1, the following diagnostic tactics: mandatory and justified laparoscopic intra-abdominal assessment of the strangulated organ condition; mandatory physicochemical intraoperative assessment of the hernial fluid condition; mandatory intraoperative instrumental assessment of the strangulated organ condition; as well as the therapeutic tactics: mandatory use of a comprehensive fast-track program; expansion of indications for laparoscopic surgery were used. The clinical and diagnostic algorithms included laboratory, instrumental and biochemical methods of examination. Results. It has been found that the proposed diagnostic and therapeutic tactics in group 2 patients with strangulated abdominal hernias without hollow organ resection, in contrast to group 1 patients, allowed to increase the number of laparoscopic operations by 51.15 % as well as the number of surgical interventions using fast-track technology by 51.21 %. This was accompanied by a decrease in complications according to the Clavien-Dindo scale from 83 (24.56 %) in group 1 patients to 39 (11.05 %) in group 2 patients. In addition, in group 2 patients, in contrast to group 1, a decrease in the acute pain severity in the early postoperative period and chronic pain according to the sf-IPQ in the late postoperative period has been revealed. Conclusions. The indication expansion for fast-track technologies in group 2 patients with strangulated abdominal hernias without hollow organ resection has allowed using these procedures in 238 (67.23 %) cases, while there were only 54 (16.02 %) such cases in group 1 patients. The proposed diagnostic and therapeutic tactics in group 2 patients with strangulated abdominal hernias without hollow organ resection, in contrast to group 1 patients, have enabled an increase in the number of laparoscopic operations from 16.27 % in group 1 patients to 67.42 % in group 2, which was accompanied by a decrease in postoperative complications according to the Clavien-Dindo scale from 24.56 % to 11.05 %.
виконана на двох групах піддослідних тварин (білі щурі), у яких моделювали синдром "короткої кишки" на тлі 12 годинної гострої оклюзійної судинної недостатності тонкої кишки. Застосування у другій групі селективної денервації тонкої кишки, покращало умови компенсаторної адаптації шлунково-кишкового тракту до наслідків субтотальної резекції тонкої кишки та супроводжувалось зменшенням летальності на 13,37%. Ключові слова: експеримент, кишка, синдром "короткої кишки".
Мета. Дослідити окремі особливості стану парієтальної очеревини під впливом напруженого карбоксиперитонеуму у тварин з 12-годинною гострою тонкокишковою непрохідністю (ГТКН). Матеріали і методи. Проаналізовані результати дослідження стану парієтальної очеревини у 36 білих щурів-самців в умовах напруженого карбоксиперитонеуму. У тварин 1-ї групи застосовували карбоксиперитонеум, створюючи внутрішньочеревний тиск 9 – 10 мм рт. ст., протягом 2 год з фракційною його зміною через 20 хв протягом 10 с. У тварин 2-ї групи, на відміну від 1-ї, дослідження проводили в умовах 12-годинної ГТКН. Тваринам 3-ї групи, на відміну від 2-ї, попередньо вводили чотирикомпонентну дисперсну суміш з експозицією 15 хв. Результати. Через добу після застосування напруженого карбоксиперитонеуму у піддослідних тварин спостерігали зменшення товщини парієтальної очеревини до (25,76 ± 2,32) мкм, середнього діаметра ядер мезотеліоцитів до (5,46 ± 0,48) мкм та чисельної щільності мезотеліоцитів до (12,96 ± 1,09) на 1 мм2, що поєднувалось зі зростанням концентрації різнофазних токсичних продуктів ліпопероксидації та проявами антиоксидантної ферментопатії. Дані процеси суттєво поглиблювались в умовах 12-годинної ГТКН. Застосування чотирикомпонентної дисперсної суміші суттєво ослаблювало агресивні наслідки внутрішньочеревних чинників та сприяло зростанню компенсаторних властивостей парієтальної очеревини. Висновки. Використання двогодинного напруженого карбоксиперитонеуму призводить до десикації парієтальної очеревини у піддослідних тварин та підвищує в ній концентрацію токсичних продуктів ліпопероксидації і знижує концентрацію супероксиддисмутази та каталази, що вірогідно погіршується в умовах 12-годинної ГТКН. Внутрішньочеревне введення чотирикомпонентної дисперсної суміші вірогідно підвищує протекторні властивості парієтальної очеревини в умовах 12-годинної ГТКН.
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