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The normal-mode approach is used to design stripline-type ferrite coupled line circulators with alumina as a substrate and ferrite as a superstrate. The measurements that are taken clearly demonstrate the nonreciprocal behavior of these devices, with an average insertion loss of 5 dB and an isolation of ؊12 dB. It is found that the three-port circulator has a broader bandwidth (9 -14 GHz) than that of the four-port circulator (9 -12 GHz), and the hybrid coupler has been identified as the bottleneck in the latter.

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