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Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an annual herbaceous, self-pollinated species. Potato belongs to family solanaceae and the genus Solanum with a basic set of 12 chromosomes (x = 12). It is used as vegetable and in industries for manufacturing starch, alcoholic beverages and other processed products like French fries, chips etc. Afresh potato contains 16-20% carbohydrates 2.5-3.2% crude protein. Even though potato contains little amount of protein, nutritional quality of potato is better than cereals. Potato has potential to produce more calories and protein per unit land area with little time and water than most of the major food crop s. Therefore, understanding its genetic diversity is important for the improvement of this crop and as well as for effective utiliz ation of germplasm. Diversity analysis based on molecular characterization is better than morphological characterization as it is highly influenced by the environment. Hence, in-depth studies based on both morphological and molecular markers will help in better understanding the genetic diversity of potato germplasm.

Reciprocal cross differences in a 6 x 6 diallel set of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in the F 1 generation Summary Reciprocal cross differences were studied in a 6 x 6 diallel full set comprising of thirty hybrid combinations of groundnut in the F, generation .Reciprocal cross differences were observed for growth habit in four pairs of crosses, for leaf colour, flower colour and stem pigmentation in two pairs of crosses each . It was observed that the inheritance of flower colour, stem pigmentation and testa colour which exhibited different shades of purple colour was likely to be governed by pleiotropic gene(s) . Among the quantitative characters significantly positive reciprocal effects were observed in different crosses for number of mature pods per plant, weight of pods per plant and shelling percent . Marked reciprocal cross differences were observed for pod and kernel characters like pod filling, pod beak, pod constriction and testa colour .

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Total 21 high zinc rice genotypes were evaluated under five different locations for 14 different yield attributing traits, including grain yield/plant (gm) to determine the pattern of variation, the relationship among the individuals and their characteristics through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) during the Kharif-2017. PCA was done for all the locations individually as well as pooled analysis for all locations using R software. Out of the 14 PCs, the initial four PCs contributed more to the total variability. The highest cumulative variability of the first four PCs found at Bhikaripur (81.11%) followed by BHU Agriculture research farm-II (79.23%) etc. and Pooled variability was 76.61%. Pooled data analysis indicates PCA biplot or loading plot of first two principal components revealed that days to maturity, days to 1st flowering date and days to 50% flowering loaded more on the first component and number of spikelets per panicles, number of grains/panicles, grain weight per panicle, grain yield/plant accounted more variation in the second component compared to the other parameters. Thus, the pooled analysis of principal component analysis revealed the characters contributing to the variation and genetic variability that exists in these rice genotypes. This is because the genotypes BRRIdhan 72, Sambamahsuri and Swarna were identified in different principle components related to grain yield and grain quality, and were also located farthest away from biplot origin in individual PCA based biplot. So they may be employed to improve yield attributing factors like total effective tiller number. PC1, PC2 and PC3 have days to first flowering and days to 50% flowering, hence their genotypes may be valuable in producing early maturing cultivars. Thus, the results revealed that wide range of variability was shown by different traits of the genotypes which can be utilized in rice improvement programmes.