The newly released IEEE Std C95.1 TM-2019 defines exposure criteria and associated limits for the protection of persons against established adverse health effects from exposures to electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields, in the frequency range 0 Hz to 300 GHz. The exposure limits apply to persons permitted in restricted environments and to the general public in unrestricted environments. These limits are not intended to apply to the exposure of patients by or under the direction of physicians and care professionals, as well as to the exposure of informed volunteers in scientific research studies, or to the use of medical devices or implants. IEEE Std C95.1 TM

Hyperthermia was induced in mature rats by immersing them in 20 cm of 45 degrees C water for 4 min. Rats were made hyperthermic once every 4 days for six exposures. A significant number had at least one convulsion by the third exposure. During the seventh exposure, 2 weeks after the sixth exposure, twice as many rats experienced convulsions. Two weeks later, four rats that had convulsed following exposure to heated water at an earlier time convulsed on exposure to a strobe light flashing at 25 Hz. The percentage of rats having experienced at least one convulsion increased dramatically when tested 2 and then an additional 3 months later. Spontaneous (handling-induced) convulsions also occurred in a few rats that had been exposed to heated water previously. The data indicate that repeated exposure to this type of hyperthermia can result in an increase in convulsive susceptibility in mature rats and may be a useful, noninvasive model for studying kindling, febrile convulsions, and epilepsy in rodents.

"The public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gatherng mnd maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display s currently valid OMB control number. 12. DISTRIBUTIONIAVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. PLEASE DO NOT SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES14. ABSTRACT A Human Effectiveness and Risk Characterization for Electromuscular Incapacitation (EMI) reflects the results from three workshops (data gathering/sharing, peer consultation, and independent external review) evaluating two EMI devices: the M26 and X26 TASERs. The intended effect of these devices is electromuscular disruption. Key potential unintended effects included ocular injury, seizures, ventricular fibrillation, or fall injuries. The likelihood of these effects were determined, based on an analysis of the TASER International Database (scrubbed to minimize false positives) and modeling. The probability of inducing a complete EMD ranges from 74% to 52% depending on distance to the target. Probability estimates were up to 0.04% for eye "strikes and 0.15% for fall injuries depending on distance to the target. Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is not expected to occur in an otherwise healthy adult population. Key data gaps include the biological basis for TASER effects and appropriate dosimetry. The results support the conclusion that the M26 and X26 TASERs are generally effective for their intended use. SUBJECT TERMS ABSTRACTA Human Effectiveness and Risk Characterization (HERC) for Electromuscular Incapacitation (EMI; also referred to as Electromuscular Disruption (EMD) when describing the intended effect of the TASER® products) devices has been conducted in an effort organized by the Human Effects Center of Excellence (HECOE). This HERC reflects the results from a three-workshop process with sequential workshops held for data gathering and sharing, peer consultation, and independent external review of the HERC document. This HERC included two EMI devices manufactured by TASER International, the M26 and X26 TASERs®.Probability estimates as well as data gaps and uncertainties were characterized for intended and potential unintended effects of the devices. The intended effect of the TASER is electromuscular disruption. During EMD, the individual experiences tetany and is temporarily incapacitated. Key potential unintended effects tha...

Electromagnetic field standards in the West are based on well-established acute biological effects that could be considered as signaling a potentially adverse health effect. The specific absorption rate, which is proportional to the tissue heating (thermal effects), represents the basic restriction of exposure to Radio-Frequency (RF) fields. On the other hand, Eastern European standards are designed to protect from potential non-thermal effects that might be caused by chronic exposure to very low intensities, where a so-called "power load" (a product of field intensity and duration of exposure) represents the basic limitation. Thus, electromagnetic field standards in Eastern European countries differ considerably from those which are proposed by the International Commission of Non-ionizing Radiation Protection and the Standards Coordinating Committee 28 of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. In the present paper, the strategies for development of exposure limit values in electromagnetic fields standards currently in force in Eastern and Central European countries are discussed. Some differences as well as similarities of the national health and safety standards and the main obstacles to harmonization of these standards with those being established by Western national and international organizations and agencies are presented.

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