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Transdermal administration of drug is generally limited by the barrier function of the skin vascular system are one of the most controversial method for transdermal delivery of active substance. transdermal drug delivery system is designed to deliver biological active agents through the skin, principally by diffusion for local internal if not systemic effects. The transdermal delivery system was relaunched after the discovery of elastic vesicles like transfersome, ethosome, cubosome, phytosome etc. Transfersomes are a form of elastic or deformable vesicle, which were introduced in the early 1990s. Elasticity is generated by incorporation of edge activator in lipid bilayer structure. Drug absorbed and distributed into organs and tissue and eliminated from the body it must pass through one or more biological membranes at various locations such movement of drug across the membrane is called as drug transport for the drug delivery to cross the body it should pass through the membrane barrier. This concept of drug delivery system was designed in attempt to concentrate the amount of drug in the remaining drug; therefore, the phospholipid-based carrier system is of considerable interest in the era.

AIM:To study the safety and efficacy of pharmacological vitreolysis by intravitreal injection by hyaluronidase. METHODS: a prospective comparative interventional case series of 20 eyes of 20 patients who underwent intravitreal injection of Hyaluronidase 100 IU in one eye in a tertiary eye care centre by a single surgeon between

AIMTo establish a definite correlation between the axial length, radius of cornea curvature and the refractive status of the eye. METHODSAll cases of emmetropia, myopia, hypermetropia, astigmatism between 20-30 years attending the Outpatient Department of Ophthalmology were informed about the purpose for the tests and the following were done. Visual acuity without and with correction, Subjective refraction, Fundus evaluation, Intraocular pressure, Keratometry. Ultrasound biometry to assess anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, axial length and vitreous chamber depth in all subjects in both eyes. RESULTSCorrelation between SE (Spherical equivalent) and AL/CRC; AL (Axial length), and CRC (Corneal radius of curvature), the highest and lowest AL/CRC values were seen in eyes with high myopia and high hyperopia, respectively. Mean AL/CRC was 3.49 in eyes with myopia greater than -5.0D; this value decreased linearly and reached a minimum of 2.65 in cases with hyperopia more than 2.0D. Linear regression showed a shift of 11.46D in SE refractive error towards myopia with every 1 unit increase in AL/CRC (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONRefractive error cannot be determined by a single optical component. It is the result of a combined interactive effect. The ratio of axial length and corneal radius of curvature seem to be a very reliable index of estimating the kind of resultant refractive error one might have. Axial length is the most influential factor in determining refraction radius curvature.

INTRODUCTION:Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) is a surgical procedure that involves removal of vitreous gel from the eye and the instruments are introduced into the eye through the pars plana. 20G Conventional Vitrectomy is a standard technique for Vitreo retinal surgery since its inception in 1970 and is accepted worldwide. 1 Conjunctiva is opened, three sclerotomy ports are made with MVR blade by a stab incision inferotemporally, superotemporally and superonasally. Infusion cannula is inserted and sutured to the inferotemporal sclerotomy port and remaining two sclerotomy ports are used for endoillumination and vitrectomy cutter. In 2002, Fujii et al introduced 25G vitrectomy with instruments of lumen diameter 0.5mm. Self-retained trocars are used for infusion cannula and other instruments. The trocars are inserted trans-conjunctivally and trans-sclerally and remained in place during the entire surgical procedure without the need for suturing them to sclera. 2 In 2004, 23G vitrectomy with instruments of lumen diameter 0.65mm were developed by Eckhardt et al. 3 The quest to find new ways to shorten surgical time and minimize trauma to the eye led to the development of 20G sutureless technique by Chen et al in 1996, 4 where a tunnel incision is used instead of a stab incision used in Conventional 20G vitrectomy and there by incision is made selfsealing and left without sutures.Yeshuran et al reported that 33 out of 35 eyes that underwent 20G sutureless vitrectomy had uneventful operations and only 2 eyes required suture placement at the end of the surgery. 5,6 Saad et al concluded from the 183 20G Sutureless sclerotomies performed, 10(6%) required suture placement. 7 Kim et al reported that in a series of 164 20G sutureless Vitrectomies, suture placement at the end of the procedure was required in 63 (38%) patients to close leaking sclerotomies. 8 In a comparative series of 21 consecutive eyes undergoing 20G sutureless Vitrectomies using self-sealing wedge shaped pars plana sclerotomies, Theelan et al reported no cases of hypotony. 9