In this animal model, unenhanced CT was an effective way to monitor RF ablation compared with sonography because of increased lesion discrimination, reproducible decreased attenuation during ablation, and improved correlation to pathologic size.

The Schatzker classification system for tibial plateau fractures is widely used by orthopedic surgeons to assess the initial injury, plan management, and predict prognosis. Many investigators have found that surgical plans based on plain radiographic findings were modified after preoperative computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The Schatzker classification divides tibial plateau fractures into six types: lateral plateau fracture without depression (type I), lateral plateau fracture with depression (type II), compression fracture of the lateral (type IIIA) or central (type IIIB) plateau, medial plateau fracture (type IV), bicondylar plateau fracture (type V), and plateau fracture with diaphyseal discontinuity (type VI). Management of type I, II, and III fractures centers on evaluating and repairing the articular cartilage. The fracture-dislocation mechanism of type IV fractures increases the likelihood of injury to the peroneal nerve or popliteal vessels. In type V and VI fractures, the location of soft-tissue injury dictates the surgical approach and the degree of soft-tissue swelling dictates the timing of definitive surgery and the need for provisional stabilization with an external fixator. CT and MR imaging are more accurate than plain radiography for Schatzker classification of tibial plateau fractures, and use of cross-sectional imaging can improve surgical planning.

The growth plates, or physes, are visible on virtually all images obtained in skeletally immature children. The proper function of these growth plates depends on an intricate balance between chondrocyte proliferation, which requires nourishment from the epiphyseal vessels, and chondrocyte death, which requires the integrity of the metaphyseal vessels. Therefore, injury to the growth plate (ie, direct insult) or vascular compromise on either side of the growth plate (ie, indirect insult) can cause growth plate dysfunction. Direct growth plate insults occur most commonly with Salter-Harris fractures, and injuries that allow the transphyseal communication of vessels are at a higher risk for subsequent transphyseal bone bridge formation. Indirect insults lead to different sequelae that are based on whether the epiphyseal blood supply or metaphyseal blood supply is compromised. Epiphyseal osteonecrosis can result in slowed longitudinal bone growth, with possible growth plate closure, and is often accompanied by an abnormal secondary ossification center. In contrast, the disruption of metaphyseal blood supply alters endochondral ossification and allows the persistence of chondrocytes within the metaphysis, which appear as focal or diffuse growth plate widening. Imaging remains critical for detecting acute injuries and identifying subsequent growth disturbances. Depending on the imaging findings and patient factors, these growth disturbances may be amenable to conservative or surgical treatment. Therefore, an understanding of the anatomy and physiologic features of the normal growth plate and the associated pathophysiologic conditions can increase diagnostic accuracy, enable radiologists to anticipate future growth disturbances, and ensure optimal imaging, with the ultimate goal of timely and appropriate intervention. RSNA, 2017.