This paper presents integration of a one-dimensional (1D) numerical model with a two-dimensional (2D) numerical model for simulating shallow water flows. The dynamic link library (DLL) technique is used to link a 2D research code with a 1D commercial program. The 2D model has been refined to represent ground topography better and the flooding and drying process. Both mass and momentum transfers are allowed between the 1D and 2D solutions. Two test cases were used to verify the linked model. Smooth transitions between wet and dry areas were observed, with accurate mass conservation being achieved during wetting and drying. It has also been shown that the inclusion of momentum transfer between the two models leads to improved results by eliminating the unrealistic variations in the free surface, close to the common boundaries of the models. The combined 1D and 2D model has the capability to simulate hydraulic processes at different spatial scales simultaneously.

Nanopost arrays are generally used in applications of reflection gratings and in changing material surface wettability. Nanopost arrays can be used as a passive component to induce dendritic self-organized hierarchical architectures. In this study, through the use of a phase-field model, we performed a three-dimensional numerical simulation to demonstrate that nanopost structures affect the expanding speed of the surface of a dendritic self-organized structure in the growing path of a hierarchical structure. Additionally, we demonstrated that the nanopost array arrangement on the surface changed the hierarchical structure branching. Finally, introducing an externally applied force to the system enabled the use of a nanopost as an active component. Nanopost surroundings were determined to significantly affect the final distribution of dendritic structures and induce hierarchical structures after an external force was introduced to the system.