This paper presents the results of research on obtaining biochar from agricultural plant waste such as rice husk and straw. The selection of the optimal conditions for thermolysis, such as the duration and temperature of the process, has been conducted. The thermolysis products are characterized for iodine adsorption activity, cumulative water pore volume, and for bulk density. The porous structure of the obtained products has been studied by scanning electron microscopy. Based on the results of the research conducted, it has been found that biochars obtained from husk and straw with a thermolysis duration of 30 minutes have low iodine sorption characteristics and water pore volumes. With an increase in the duration of thermolysis, the sorption characteristics improve, the optimal for the husk is the thermolysis duration of 60 minutes at a temperature of 500°C, and for straw, the optimal thermolysis duration is 60 minutes at a temperature of 300°C. The best option is biochar obtained from rice straw at a duration of 60 minutes and a thermolysis temperature of 300°C, having an iodine adsorption activity of 54.61%, a cumulative water pore volume of 0.941 cm3/g and a bulk density of 169.29 g/dm3. The obtained biochars from rice husk and straw have been studied by scanning electron microscopy at 4300 and 5000 times magnification, and they have a developed porous structure. According to the literature, it is known that biochar can also be used as a renewable energy source. Research has been carried out to determine the calorific value of the obtained biochars. To compare the calorific value of rice husk, straw and the obtained biochars, their heating values have been determined on a calorimeter. The highest heating value has a biochar obtained from husk at a duration of 60 minutes and at a thermolysis temperature of 400°C with a value of 17.520 kJ/g, the optimal for biochar obtained from straw is a duration of 60 minutes and a thermolysis temperature of 400°C with a value of 16.451 kJ/g. The experimental data obtained make it possible to use the obtained biochar from rice straw in the future as a biofertilizer to improve the characteristics of soils, as well as to use biochar obtained from rice husk to produce renewable fuel.

This article examines the effect of lignosulfonate binding of rice waste to oil waste to obtain activated carbon. Lignosulfonate was added to the mixture to produce briquetted activated carbon by processing rice residue (husk and straw) and oil sludge together. The mixture was carbonized and activated in a BR-12 NFT series high-temperature vacuum tube furnace with a length of 300 mm and a diameter of 60 mm and a heating section length of 200 mm in a quartz glass tube. Briquettes obtained by adding rice waste (husks and straw), oil sludge and lignosulfonate were placed in the kiln. Carbonation was carried out at a temperature of 500°C, activation was carried out at a temperature of 850°C in a ratio of 2: 1 with water vapor. The effect of the relationship of the addition of lignosulfonate binder to rice residue and oil sludge on the product properties was studied. The optimal ratio of co-treatment of the mixture was found in the ratio of rice residue: oil sludge: lignosulfonate = 9: 1: 2 (by weight). The adsorption activity of the obtained product on iodine, the total volume of pores on water, the mass fraction of moisture, the adsorption activity on methylene blue and the bulk density were studied. Activated carbon obtained from both rice straw and rice husk has high sorption properties. According to the results of experimental studies, activated carbon obtained by adding lignosulfonate to rice straw and oil sludge in a ratio of 9: 1: 2 corresponds to the brands BAС-A, WAC, BAC-Au.

This article studies the effect of carboxymethyl cellulose as a binder for producing briquetted activated carbon by joint processing of rice waste (husk and straw) and oil sludge. The carbonization and activation of the briquette was carried out in a high-temperature vacuum tube furnace of the BR-12 NFT series with a length of 200 mm, in a quartz heating glass tube 300 mm in size and 60 mm in diameter. Rice waste (husk or straw) in the form of briquetted rice with the addition of lignosulfonate and oil sludge was placed in the oven. Carbonization was carried out at a temperature of 500 ° C, activation - with water vapor at a temperature of 850 ° C in a 2: 1 ratio. The influence of the ratios of carboxymethyl cellulose binder, rice waste and oil sludge on the properties of activated carbon has been studied. The optimal ratio of joint processing of the mixture is rice husk: oil sludge: carboxymethyl cellulose 9: 1: 2 (by weight). The studies were carried out according to the following 110 НЕФТЬ И ГАЗ 2021 1 (121) ЭКОЛОГИЯ indicators: adsorption activity for iodine, total pore volume for water, mass fraction of moisture, adsorption activity for methylene blue and bulk density. According to the results of the studies, it was noted that as the content of carboxymethyl cellulose in activated carbon increases, its sorption properties increase. Activated carbon based on rice husk has high sorption properties. According to the results of experimental studies, it was found that activated carbon obtained from rice husks, oil sludge and carboxymethyl cellulose in a ratio of 9: 1: 2 corresponds to the brand BAU-A.

Co-thermolysis of rice husk and straw with oil sludge was carried out in order to obtain a widely used adsorbent – activated carbon. Carbonization was carried out in a tubular furnace made of stainless steel at a temperature of 500°C and the activation of carbonization was carried out with water vapor at a temperature of 800°C. The influence of the ratio of the initial components of the raw material (husk / straw:oil sludge) on the properties of the product was studied. The ЭКОЛОГИЯ 172 НЕФТЬ И ГАЗ 2020. 3–4 (117–118) optimal ratio for co-thermolysis of the husk: oil sludge is 9:1 (by weight), respectively. The optimal condition for the production of activated carbon by co-thermolysis of rice straw and oil sludge is a carbonization temperature of 500°C with a duration of 100 min, activation of the carbonizate at a temperature of 850°C and with a ratio of water:carbonizate = 2:1. Indices such as iodine adsorption activity, total pore volume in water, mass fraction of moisture, and bulk density were studied. The microstructures of the obtained activated carbons were studied on a scanning scanning electron microscope. Activated carbon obtained by the joint processing of rice husk and oil sludge in a ratio of 9:1 corresponds to activated carbon brand DAK. The resulting product based on rice straw and oil sludge corresponds to the activated carbons BAU-MF, BAU-A and BAU-Ats.

Мақалада күріш қауызы мен сабаны тәрізді ауылшаруашылық өсімдік қалдықтарынан биочар алу бойынша зерттеу нәтижелері келтірілген. Процесс ұзақтығы және температура тәрізді термолиздің оңтайлы жағдайлары таңдалды. Күріш қауызы және сабанының термолизі түтікті пеште 300-500ºС температурада азот атмосферасында іске асырылды. Термолиз өнімдері йод бойынша адсорбциялық белсенділік, су бойынша жалпы кеуектердің көлемі, үйінділік тығыздығы бойынша сипатталды. Алынған өнімдердің кеуекті құрылымы растрлы электронды микроскопия арқылы зерттелді. Алынған биочарлардың микрофотографиясы JSM-6510LV растрлы электронды микроскопында түсірілді. Жүргізілген зерттеулер нәтижелері бойынша қауыз бен сабаннан 30 мин термолиз ұзақтығында алынған биочарлардың йод бойынша төмен сорбциялық қасиеттерге ие және су бойынша жалпы кеуектер көлемі төмен екендігі анықталды. Термолиз ұзақтығын арттырғанда сорбциялық сипаттамалар жақсарады, күріш сабанын 60 мин ұзақтықта және 300°С температурада термолиздегенде алынған биочардың оңтайлы жағдайы болып табылады, бұл жағдайда биочардың йод бойынша адсорбциялық белсенділігі 54,61%, су бойынша жалпы кеуек көлемі 0,941 см3 /г және үйінділік тығыздығы 169,29 г/дм3 құрайды. Күріш қауызы мен сабанынан алынған биочарлар растрлы электронды микроскопия әдісімен 4300 және 5000 есе ұлғайтылып зерттелді, олардың жоғары кеуекті құрылымға ие екендігі анықталды. Әдеби мәліметтерде биочарды жаңартылатын энергия көзі ретінде қолдануға болатындығы жөнінде ақпарат бар. Алынған биочарлардың жылу бөлу мүмкіндіктерін анықтау бойынша зерттеулер жүргізілді. Күріш қауызы, сабаны және алынған биочарлардың жылу бөлу мүмкіндіктерін салыстыру үшін олардың жану жылуы С 2000 калориметрінде анықталды. 60 мин ұзақтықта және 400°С температурада күріш қауызын термолиздеу арқылы алынған биочар жану жылуының ең жоғары энергиясына ие, жану жылуы – 17,520 кДж/г тең, күріш сабаны үшін жоғарғы көрсеткіште аталған ұзақтық пен температура болып табылады, жану жылуы – 16,451 кДж/г тең