BACKGROUND:Chronic Kidney disease is characterized by decreased glomerular filteration rate. Most pleural effusions occurring in CKD are attributed to renal failure & heart failure and are left alone, but there are other causes responsible for many effusions such as parapneumonic effusion, atelectasis, tuberculosis and other infections and malignancies due to immunosuppression, hence presence of pleural effusion in CKD deserves further evaluation. Our study is conducted to find the etiology and profile of patients with chronic Kidney disease developing pleural effusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study was conducted among 35 patients with CKD and pleural effusion who attended Government hospital for chest and communicable diseases affiliated to Andhra Medical College, from March 2013 to September 2014. The clinical course of pleural effusions and their biochemical characteristics were studied together with radiographs and other relevant investigations. Study design-hospital based prospective study. OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS: Of the 35 patients, 57% developed unilateral effusion, 43% bilateral effusion. Among unilateral effusions-minimal effusions were 25%, moderate were 60%, massive were 15%. Patients with transudative effusion were 31%, exudative were 69%. Causes of effusion were as follows: Cardiac failure 31%, Tuberculosis 28%, Malignancy 9%, uremic effusion 14%, parapneumonic 11%, connective tissue disorders 2%. CONCLUSIONS: Apart from cardiac failure, tuberculosis is a major cause of pleural effusion in CKD patients, especially if the effusion is unilateral, exudative in nature, blood tinged, and lymphocyte predominant. ATT produced improvement in clinical and radiological status in these patients.

This was performed to observe various radiological presentations of lung cancer at the initial evaluation and to elicit correlation to histopathological diagnosis in all patients to a tertiary chest care hospital. AIM: To study various radiological presentations among lung cancer patients Method: we included all the patients with lung cancer reviewed during a 12mth period between March 2012 to November 2014 who had a definite tissue diagnosis and whose staging based on CT thorax were available. RESULTS: 65 patients were evaluated. Right sided lesions predominated with 60% and on left side being 40%. On either side put together, upper lobe 46.15% & middle lobe 36.9% and lower lobe 16.9%.Based on location of tumor 26% of the lesions are peripherally located, 24.5% are central localization, 13.8% are located intermedially. Radiological pattern of presentation: 67% of the cases presented as mass lesions, 9% as obstructive pneumonitis and 23% as combined mass with collapse and 23.07% as pleural effusion. Histological pattern of presentation: squamous cell carcinoma is most common type with 49.23%, adeno 33%, small cell 15%, others 1.5% Most of the cases presented to the hospital in stage IV with 56.36% and stage IIIA 16.36% and stage IIIB as 18.18%. CONCLUSION: we observed most of the lung cancers presented as mass lesion with peripherally located tumor and the most common histological type is squamous cell carcinoma, presented at advanced stages.