The article presents cleaning technologies and considers an improved device for cleaning drainage wells, which allows to increase the productivity and quality of cleaning drainage wells, reduce labor costs, and water consumption. The device is simple, reliable, and highly maintainable, allowing you to operate it in the mode of economy and consumption of a large volume of water. The proposed device received a copyright certificate for the invention. A cable system is provided in this device, and a ruff head is stretched inside the drainage pipe, which has the ability to deviate and rotate along the longitudinal axis of the drainage pipe, the ruff is pulled by winches through adjustable and fixed blocks, and the mounting frames are installed in inspection wells and fixed with bolts and successively reinstalled from one well to another. Theoretical prerequisites have been developed for determining the maximum force in the closing, hoisting rope, the required power for closing the jaws and lifting the bucket, the diameters of the corresponding drums and ropes.

The paper presents the results of studies of various variants of the main treatment of gray forest soil in the experimental field in JSC “Lednevo” of the Yuriev-Polsky district of the Vladimir region Russian Federation. The experiment includes 12 strips, with an average area of 7.5 ha, consisting of 3 variants, with decreasing intensity of tillage and 4 repetitions. Based on the studies, it was found that the main problem associated with the physical condition of the soil was significant compaction of the soil at a depth of 20 – 25 cm. When using dump processing, increased soil heterogeneity was observed, and with “minimal” variants, the presence of weed vegetation was noted, which required changes in the strategy of using plant protection products and strict compliance with crop rotation. In this paper, it is recommended to remove the “plow sole” and reduce soil compaction by deep loosening of the soil to a depth of 35-40 cm in autumn, followed by a transition to a minimum soil treatment by cultivators.

This article discusses some theoretical assumptions about the causes and factors affecting the siltation (deposits) of channels of reclamation systems. It has been established that the siltation of channels is mainly caused by low speeds of the water moving in them and it occurs due to the destruction of slopes and accumulation of soil deposits at the bottom of the channel. An important role in the siltation of channels is played by the physical and mechanical properties of the soil. The intensity of the siltation of channels in the early years of their construction mainly occurs due to the peeling of the slopes of the soil. In irrigation canals, the intensity of siltation depends on the amount of sediment in the source of irrigation, which is meltwater from the slopes of the mountains bringing a huge amount of sediment. Sludges of intra-systemic origin are mainly obtained as a result of erosion and landslides of canal banks. During the exploitation of the drainage network, repair and restoration work is mandatory, as there is a change in the cross-section of the channels, which leads to a decrease in their parameters. An analysis of a theoretical study of the siltation of channels of reclamation systems using long-term materials from previous studies is carried out.

No abstract

To ensure the optimal water-air balance of the plant, agro-reclamation measures are required, including the organization of irrigation. The advantage of drip irrigation is the most rational consumption of irrigation water. To realize this advantage, it is necessary to calculate the irrigation rate taking into account the dynamics of moisture distribution in the soil. During irrigation, the humidification circuit takes on a semi-elliptical shape. To determine the geometrical parameters of the humidification circuit, one should take into account the physical and mechanical properties of the soil and irrigation water, the mineralization of which varies widely. Having identified the numerical dependences and the nature of the distribution of moisture in the soil and having calculated the parameters of the irrigation circuit, it is necessary to determine the flow rate per dripper and subsequently calculate the irrigation rate, taking into account all of the above factors. The proposed method for calculating the irrigation contour will make it possible to rationally use water for irrigation, minimizing losses due to filtration into deep soil layers. Optimizing the water regime of plants during the growing season will not only save water and energy resources, but also maintain an optimal water and air regime, which will increase the yield and improve the quality of grown products.