Nuclear quadrupole coupling constants in molecules depend on the nuclear quadrupole moments and the variation in electrostatic field at the nucleus. It is shown that this variation of electric field is usually simply related to the molecular electronic structure, being primarily dependent on the way in which valence electrons fill the lowest-energy p-type orbits. Structural information which can consequently be obtained from known quadrupole coupling constants is discussed. Hybridization of the normal covalent bonds of N, Cl, and As with at least 15 percent s character is clearly shown. The alkali halides appear to be almost purely ionic; the quadrupole coupling data allow no more than 3 percent covalent character. In addition to molecular structure, some nuclear quadrupole moments are approximately evaluated by use of the theory developed here.

A complete analysis has been made for each of the high-resolution proton magnetic resonance spectra of naphthalene, anthracene, pyrene, perylene, triphenylene, and coronene at infinite dilution in CS2 or CCl4. A partial analysis has been made for phenanthrene. The analyses yield absolute values for the chemical shifts and spin coupling constants. A correlation has been made between the π-bond order of the particular (C–C) bond and the spin coupling constant. Theoretical values for the ``ring current shifts'' were obtained using London type molecular orbital calculations. The agreement between experimental and theoretical values is satisfactory in that the relative positions of the proton shifts are correctly predicted in all cases.

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