Objetivou-se verificar a operacionalidade de aplicativos de smartphones comparando-os com hipsômetro tradicional de comprovada eficiência na mensuração de altura total de árvores em fragmento florestal. O Hipsômetro Vertex IV® foi utilizado como medida real da altura total, diante da impossibilidade da obtenção da variável de forma direta. Foram selecionadas aletoriamente 90 árvores, distribuídas igualmente em três classes de altura: 1 (9,0-15,9 m); 2 (16,0-22,9 m); e 3 (> 23,0 m). Para estimar a altura total foram utilizados os aplicativos para smartphones com sistema operacional Android: Two Point Height (T.P.H); Measure Height (M.H); Smart Measure (S.M) e Hypsometer (HR). Todos aplicativos, por resultar em alturas médias estatisticamente iguais a média obtida com o Vertex®, podem ser indicados para a mensuração de árvores nas diferentes classes de altura. A análise residual e estatísticas Viés (V), Média das Diferenças Absolutas (MD), Desvio Padrão das Diferenças (DPD) e Erro Quadrático Médio (RMSE) indicaram que o Hypsometer apresentou menor tendência nas estimativas, distribuição de resíduos mais homogênea, além de resultar em menor erro médio. A atualização dos aplicativos, a resolução do acelerômetro e os cuidados na medida foram determinantes para o desempenho dos aplicativos como alternativa viável para a mensuração de árvores em relação ao custo e eficiência.Palavras-chave: vertex, acelerômetro, custo. OPERATIONALITY OF SMARTPHONE APPLICATIONS FOR MEASURING TREE HEIGHT IN THE CERRADO-AMAZON ECOTONE REGION ABSTRACT: The objective verify the operability of smartphone applications comparing them with traditional hypsometer of proven efficiency in the measurement of total height of trees in forest fragment. The Vertex IV® Hypsometer was used as a real measure of total height, due to the impossibility of obtaining the variable directly. 90 trees were randomly selected, distributed equally in three height classes: 1 (9.0-15.9 m); 2 (16.0-22.9 m); and 3 (> 23.0 m). To estimate total height, the following applications (Apps) were used for smartphones with Android operating system: Two Point Height (T.P.H); Measure Height (M.H); Smart Measure (S.M) and Hypsometer (HR). All tested applications, as they result in average heights statistically equal to the average obtained with the Vertex®, can be indicated for the measurement of trees in the different height classes. The Bias (V), Mean of Absolute Differences (MD), Standard Deviation of Differences (DPD) and Mean Square Error (RMSE) statistics indicated, considering all applications, that the Hypsometer presented a less tendentious and more homogeneous distribution of residues, besides a smaller average error. Upgrading applications, accelerometer resolution, and tailored care were key determinants of application performance as a viable alternative for tree measurement in terms of cost and efficiency.Keywords: vertex, acelerometer, cost.
Antibiotics are used to prevent or treat bacterial infections; however, the emergence of antimicrobial resistance is one of the major problems in human and veterinary medicine. Little is known about the prevalence of bacterial antimicrobial resistant associated with wild animals. Moreover, birds are susceptible to several bacterial pathogens common to man. In this sense, Pseudomonas aeruginosa has great relevance, causing infections when the host's defense mechanisms are reduced. The objective of this study was to report a case of isolation of a multidrug-resistant strain of P. aeruginosa in an exposed radio-ulna fracture in a Canindé macaw. The P. aeruginosa strain was identified based on its morphological, tinctorial and biochemical characteristics. To determine antimicrobial susceptibility, the Kirby & Bauer method and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method were used. According to the results of the antimicrobial sensitivity tests, resistance of the isolated strain was verified in the following antimicrobials groups of the aminoglycoside, β-lactam groups, cephalosporins, sulfonamide and fluorquinolone. In addition to becoming a problem for the conservation of wild animal populations, antimicrobial resistance can have public health implications.
O mercúrio (Hg) é considerado internacionalmente como um poluente global e possui alta taxa de dispersão a partir das suas fontes de emissão, devido ao transporte atmosférico. Considerando que esse metal é proveniente, tanto de fontes naturais, quanto antrópicas, é importante saber o quanto de Hg é emitido, as concentrações observadas no ambiente e estimar seus impactos sobre a saúde humana e dos ecossistemas. Dessa maneira, este estudo avaliou a presença de mercúrio no perímetro urbano de seis municípios na região norte de Mato Grosso, sul da Amazônia, por meio da análise de folhas da espécie arbórea Oiti, Moquilea tomentosa Benth. (Chrysobalanaceae), amplamente utilizada na arborização urbana nessa região. Os resultados evidenciaram diferenças significativas nas concentrações de mercúrio entre os municípios avaliados (ANOVA = p≤ 0,0001), indicando a presença desse metal pesado na atmosfera em todos os perímetros urbanos avaliados. O maior valor médio de Hg foi observado em Paranaíta (172,8 µg Kg-1), seguido por Alta Floresta (62,1 µg Kg-1), Carlinda (52,3 µg Kg-1), Nova Canaã do Norte (25,5 µg Kg-1), Colíder (19,3 Kg-1) e Nova Santa Helena (6,8 µg Kg-1). Entretanto, todas essas concentrações encontram-se dentro da faixa considerada aceitável. Assim, recomenda-se o uso de M. tomentosa como indicadora da deposição atmosférica de mercúrio em áreas urbanas, com a necessidade de estudos seguindo uma série temporal permitindo o estabelecimento de protocolos específicos para diferentes tipos de poluentes atmosféricos.
Recreational sands are important places for human interaction, despite the risk to public health as a result of being exposed to the accumulation of bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites due to daily exposure to waste produced by users, human secretions and animal excrement. The objective of this study was to perform the microbiological and parasitic analysis of 16 sandboxes for recreation in the municipality of Sinop-MT. The evaluations included: enumeration of total and thermotolerant coliforms, identification of Escherichia coli and endoparasites research. Of the samples surveyed, 68,75% (11/16) presented contamination by total coliforms and 43,75% (7/16) presented contamination by thermotolerant coliforms. The presence of Escherichia coli was detected in seven (43,75%) of the samples, and no contamination was detected by helminth eggs, but three samples (18,75%) were contaminated by larvae of the filiform and rabditoid type. In this way it is evident that the recreation areas of Sinop municipality have contamination that exposes the population to risk of infections, being necessary a better monitoring and hygiene so that it has an improvement of quality of these areas.
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