Pefloxacin was used to treat nosocomial pulmonary infections in 46 mechanically ventilated patients. All patients had one or more underlying diseases and were given pefloxacin at a dose of 800 mg or 1200 mg daily in two or three divided doses. The commonest bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterobacteria. Of these patients, 33 (72%) showed a favourable response, one patient relapsed and 12 (26%) were considered failures. Superinfections occurred in 10 (22%). Of the 62 isolated potential pathogens, 53 (85%) were completely eradicated. Side effects were mild and treatment was withdrawn in only three patients. Pefloxacin can be considered as a possible therapeutic agent for the treatment of nosocomial pulmonary infections.

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