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Background: Foramen ovale (FO) plays an important role in the diagnostic and surgical procedures related to middle cranial fossa. So the knowledge on the variations, dimensions and the topographic location is must to the neurosurgeons while dealing with this region. The present study aimed at finding the anatomical variations, dimensions and the location of foramen ovale.

Splenic artery was previously called as Lineal artery. Splenic artery is the largest branch of the celiac trunk and is the most tortuous artery in the body. Splenic artery mainly supplies spleen and gives off branches to the stomach and the pancreas. Splenic artery divides into terminal branches before entering into the hilum of the spleen which may be Magistral or Distributed type. Sometimes it may pass through the hilum without dividing and supplies the spleen. Materials and methods: The study was done on 50 embalmed cadavers during routine dissection practices for undergraduates in the dissection hall of Gandhi Medical College, Secunderabad, and from the Department of Anatomy Osmania medical college, Hyderabad, during the period of 3years.The variations in the branching pattern of the splenic artery was observed and photographed. The prime objective of the study is to compare the prevalence of variations in the branching pattern of splenic artery. Results and conclusion: The variations in the present study were almost correlated with the available literature. In some instances the left gastro epiploic artery, the posterior gastric artery and the accessory left gastric artery took origin from the interior of spleen. so care should be taken during splenectomy. Hence, the arterial blood supply of spleen is so varied that no two vascular patterns are ever the same.

Knowledge on the dimensions of morphological features of typical cervical vertebrae is of importance to improve the surgical outcome while performing cervical pedicle screw insertion, cervical laminectomy, hook plating, lateral mass screw fixation, inter spinous wiring and the cervical transpedicular screw fixation. The aim of the present study on the morphometric analysis of the typical cervical vertebrae (C3-C6) is to provide knowledge for the surgeons to improve the surgical techniques and to minimize the post operative complications. Materials and Methods: The present study consisting of 50 dry typical cervical vertebrae. Height, transverse diameter, antero-posterior diameter of vertebral bodies, height and length of laminae, length and width of pedicles, length of spine, length and width of superior and inferior articular facets were measured using digital Vernier caliper with 0.01mm precision. Results: The mean and standard deviations of height, transverse diameter, antero-posterior diameter of vertebral bodies were 12.31±1.58 mm, 21.49±2.13 mm and 15.69±1.42 mm respectively. The mean & SD of the height and length of laminae were 10.60±1.21 mm and 15.13±1.38 mm respectively. The mean & SD of length and width of pedicles were 5.62±1.53 mm and 4.64±0.72 mm respectively. The mean & SD of length of spines were 16.23±2.23mm. The mean & SD of length and width of superior and inferior articular facets were 12.75±2.47mm, 9.69±1.54 mm, 13.55±2.16 mm and 6.37±0.82 mm respectively. The mean antero-posterior diameter of bodies was measured on superior and inferior surfaces and it was found that the mean antero-posterior diameters on inferior surface of bodies were higher than superior surface. Student t test was performed between the right and left sides of all the parameters and found bilateral symmetry. Conclusion: The knowledge on the morphometric dimensions of the typical cervical vertebrae (C3-C6) provides essential guidance to the surgeons to improve the surgical techniques which can minimize the intra operative and/or post operative complications.