No abstract

A03 ,051-075 A M 1076-1M) 4 A05 < 101-125 A06 i126-150 A07 , 't91-175 MY)

No abstract

Thiosulfate accounted for a significant portion of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) (7 to 20 percent) and the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (14 to 41 percent) of the four oil shale process waters studied. Accurate measurement of the thiosulfate oxygen demand of retort water is critical in assessing its environmental impacts on receiving waters and in designing biological treatment systems to treat it. The contribution of thiosulfate to the COD of oil shale retort waters can be accurately measured in a standard COD test. The BOD of thiosulfate in retort water is more difficult to determine and may require the development of a special thiosulfate-acclimated seed. Thiosulfate recovery of a known thiosulfate spike ranged from 92 to 100 percent in the COD test and from 54 to 119 percent in the BOD test. Considerable variability in recovery was found between the process waters studied. When determining the BOD of oil shale process waters, care must be taken to insure that there is a viable population of thiosulfate-oxidizing bacteria.

This repon was prepat4 as an account of werk sponxrred by the Unlred Stat= Government. Neither the U n i d Stata nor the Deprrtrnent of Energy. nor any of their employees, nor any at their contractors, subcontnctm, or their cmploper, mker any warranty. express or implled, or assumes any legal liability or rerpomiblltty for the accuracy, completew or uufulness of any Information, apparatus, pmdun or pr-csr discloled, or reptcsenu t k t in ux wwld nor Lnfringc privately owned rights. The views. opinion5 md c d u s i m s mnuimd ifi this report a n those af the cantractor and do nat necessarily nprcrnt thme of rhc United 5ntn Covernrnent or the Unitd S t a m Department d Energy. PACIFIC NORTHWEST LABORATORY operated by BArrEL tE lor the UNIT ED STATES DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Under Contract EY-7&C-06-7830 h i d h t k united 5trtrr d Amcrlu hvaiiddc hwn Nrtkrvl T & h l lnfomutlar kruim Unktd Yatn DrpmmMi d C o m m r a ~P o n R g d R o r d SFIvirgin* urn m a 54.00 ozd.osQ W.W m1-m S s U m 7 0 0 &W Hn.225 #.so 1&1W Y.15 151-175 Is.W 1 7 b m Hat rm-2n IP.B 2a-fY1 IOjO ar-m s~o.7r n€-300 s11.m P a c i f i c Northwest Laboratory Richland, Washington 99352 SUMMARYA study was undertaken using ljta-at~it-e information sources to evaluate land disposal and underground injection for the disposal of shale oil wastewaters. Land disposal u t i l i z e s the interactions between plants and the soil surface and matrix t o renovate wastewater for discharge to groundwater or surface waters. Underground injection i s an alternative disposal method for wastewaters t h a t are e i t h e r too expensive t c t r e a t or cannot be adequately treated by conventional processes.