A critical analysis of terms and concepts in medical radiology, radiation safety and medical physics in a multilingual dictionary developed within the framework of the international project EMITEL2 and included in the Encyclopedia of Medical Physics, accessible via the Internet. The same analysis was carried out for the three-language dictionary on radiology and radiation physics of the International Electrotechnical Commission, issued as GOST R IEC 60050-881-2008. Based on the results of the analysis, a short English-Russian dictionary of discussion terms on medical physics, radiation protection, radiation therapy, nuclear medicine and radiation diagnostics was developed. Its main difference is the presence in it only of those terms, the literal translation of which from English into Russian either causes lexical difficulties, or is erroneous, or leads to ambiguity of termed concepts. In addition, the dictionary includes those terms, the interpretation of which is debatable for professional specialists and erroneous for non-specialist users.

The textbook contains information on new technologies of radiation diagnostics and therapy of oncological diseases, new and promising therapeutic and diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals, new directions in nuclear medicine in Russia and in developed foreign countries, as well as on the coordination of efforts of international organizations to maintain and improve the health of the population of different countries. The active activity of the Rosatom State Corporation on the introduction and development of programs for the non-energy use of nuclear and radiation technologies to improve the health of the world's population, as well as training and training programs for high-tech medicine, combating widespread epidemic diseases, improving health systems in Russia and developing countries is shown. The basic nuclear-physical and therapeutic-diagnostic requirements for radionuclides and radiopharmaceutical drugs used in nuclear medicine are described. Information on the clinical application of new therapeutic and diagnostic tools developed in Russia for the needs of nuclear medicine is presented. In a comparative aspect, a brief description of educational programs of academic training of specialists for high-tech medicine in Russia and developed countries is given. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation 03.04.02 "Physics" (profile "Medical physics", educational programs "Medical physics of nuclear medicine" and "Medical physics of radiation diagnostics and therapy") and 30.05.02 "Medical biophysics". It is intended for students of master's programs and postgraduates of various specialties — biomedical, physico-chemical, biological, environmental, pharmaceutical. It can be useful for university teachers, as well as for specialists in the application of nuclear and radiation technologies, developers of new methods, systems and technologies for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in humans.

Purpose: Development and clinical testing of methodology dosimetry planning of radionuclide therapy based on Monte Carlo simulation of radiation transfer process. Material and methods: The method of determination in absolute units of radiopharmaceutical (RP) activity accumulated in tumor lesions. The technique is based on scintigraphy syringe containing diagnostic RP activity, biplane patient scintigraphy after injection of the RP and determination of the RP accumulation when administered calculated using the Monte Carlo method for the absorption and scattering of radiation in the patient’s body and in the collimator of the gamma camera. Code MCNP Monte Carlo simulation was used. The layout of determination of the value of accumulated RP activity in the patient’s tumor site implies successive implementation of the following three steps. 1. Scintigraphic images are obtained of the vial containing already known activity of the RP placed at the fixed source-to-collimator distance, following which estimation of the detector count rate within the specified region of interest of the vial image is undertaken. 2. Therapeutic activity A0 is introduced in the patient’s body, scintigraphic examination of the patient is performed. Estimation of the detector count rate in the region where the tumor is located and the value of tissue background in the close enough vicinity to the tumor is performed using the tools for contouring the region of interest on the obtained planar image provided using the software imbedded in the scintigraphic equipment. 3. Value of accumulated activity RP in the affected tumor is determined according to the correction factor which is calculated using Monte-Carlo method for specific clinical case for the geometry used in obtaining scintigraphic images which is identical to the conditions of measurement of activity in the vial and in the patient’s body. The technique has been tested in the study, with an injection of 30 MBq of 123I-MIBG child with neuroblastoma. Results: The level of accumulation of radiopharmaceutical in the tumor of the adrenal gland was 0.78 MBq, i.e. 2.6 % of the administered activity. This corresponds to literature data (average about 2.4 %) for scintigraphic studies of children with neuroblastomas. When using the known calculation method for analytical formula without the introduction of corrections for the absorption and scattering of radiation was obtained a result of 1.02 MBq, i.e. overestimation was 31 %. Conclusions: Introduction calculated by the Monte Carlo method for the absorption and scattering of radiation during scintigraphy patient can improve the accuracy of dosimetry planning of radionuclide therapy.

Analyzed the current state of the terminological system of one of the most difficult sections of high-tech medicine - medical radiology. It is shown that in all three areas of medical radiology (radiation diagnostics, nuclear medicine and radiation therapy) there are a number of terms that do not meet the requirements for scientific terminological systems. These terms do not meet the criteria of unambiguity, adequacy to the term being terminated, consistency, brevity and compliance with the norms of the Russian literary language, especially when directly copying the corresponding English terms. At the same time, it is important to ensure the correct and unambiguous interpretation of the terms not only by professionals in the field of medical radiology, but also by specialists in related fields of knowledge. A brief glossary of such terminological inaccuracies is presented, which contains some of the most commonly used erroneous terms in this area with appropriate explanations for each of them, adapted for all of the above specialists.

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