The expansion of large-scale oil palm plantations in Indonesia has taken a heavy toll on forests, biodiversity, and carbon stocks but little is known about the environmental impacts from the smallholder sector. Here, we compare the magnitude of forest and carbon loss attributable to smallholdings, private enterprises, and state-owned oil palm plantations in Sumatra. During 2000-2010, oil palm development accounted for the loss of 4,744 ha of mangrove, 383,518 ha of peat swamp forest, 289, 406 ha of lowland forest, and 1,000 ha of lower montane forest. Much of this deforestation was driven by private enterprises (88.3%) followed by smallholdings (10.7%) and state-owned plantations (0.9%). Oil palm-driven deforestation in Sumatra resulted in 756-1,043 Mt of total gross carbon dioxide emissions, of which ∼90% and ∼9% can be attributed to private enterprises and smallholdings, respectively. While private enterprises are responsible for the bulk of environmental impacts, the smallholder oil palm sector exhibits higher annual rates of expansion (11%) compared to private enterprises (5%). Both sectors will need careful monitoring and engagement to develop successful strategies for mitigating future environmental impacts of oil palm expansion.

Population growthis linear tothe requrement of settlement area, while the area of the earth is limited. It was caused inappropriate use of the land. This study aims to identify, analyze, and describe dynamics and suitability of land for settlements in Padang. Determination of land suitablity for settlementis using Multi Criteria Evaluation (MCE) method. The indicators used in determining the suitability of land for settlement is the slope, the frequency of flooding, drainage, distrubusi gravel, rock distribution and effective depth. Weighting in the analysis of land suitability based on the opinions of experts from various fields related to as many as 15 experts. Analysis result for land suitability of settlements in the area show that: there were 12.543 ha (18%) very suitable for settlement; 52.390 ha (75,4%) were suitable for settletment; 4.279 ha (6,2%).were compatible with marginal for settlement; and 285 ha (0,8%) were unsuitable for settlement. The area is very suitable for residential areas is very limited, so expect optimal utilization.

Anti-poverty programs and policies are designed similar for all regions in ABSTRAKProgram dan kebijakan anti kemiskinan dirancang seragam untuk seluruh wilayah di Indonesia, mengabaikan kekhasan sosio-kultural dan pola geografis masing-masing wilayah yang mempengaruhi keberadaan penduduk miskin. Pendekatan ini lebih berorientasi pada program pemerintah dan tidak berbasis situasi riil yang menjadi lokalitas wilayah. Generalisasi pemrograman seperti ini menyebabkan pencapaian tujuan pembangunan mengalami penurunan, yang terlihat dari semakin lambannya laju penurunan persentase penduduk miskin di Indonesia pada dekade terakhir. Efek ruang terhadap kemiskinan dapat diidentifikasi dengan adanya autokorelasi spasial, yakni keterkaitan antara variabel yang diteliti dan dirinya sendiri secara spasial atau biasa juga disebut sebagai ketergantungan spasial. Tulisan ini ditujukan untuk menginvestigasi adanya autokorelasi spasial global dan lokal pada data kemiskinan Kota Bengkulu, dalam upaya penanggulangan kemiskinan. Indeks Moran global dan lokal biasa digunakan untuk menghitung adanya efek spasial, khususnya ketergantungan spasial.

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<p>ABSTRACT<br />Increasing the number of people in Java affected the increasing demand for land for community activities. This became one of the drivers of the conversion of agricultural land into non-agricultural land. On the other hand, the increasing need for food makes the government must establish a policy of protection of agricultural land so as not to be converted. Efforts to control food land conversion need to look at the factors that affect land conversion in each region. Thus, the established program is more effective because it is able to answer the problems faced by the community, especially the land owner. This study aims to identify factors affecting land conversion in Pandeglang Regency. The factors was analyzed by ordinal regression.. The results showed that factors affecting land conversion are land tenure, B/C ratio of paddy farming, and road conditions. The effort to suppress the conversion of agricultural land requires the commitment of the government and the community as policy actors. The establishment of rural area institutions based on local community business is one solution to prevent the conversion of agricultural land.<br />Keywords: Land conversion, food-crop land protection, rice field, institution</p><p><br />ABSTRAK<br />Peningkatan jumlah penduduk di Pulau Jawa berpengaruh pada peningkatan kebutuhan lahan untuk aktivitas masyarakat. Hal ini menjadi salah satu pendorong terjadinya alih fungsi lahan pertanian menjadi lahan non pertanian. Di sisi lain, kebutuhan pangan yang semakin meningkat membuat pemerintah harus menetapkan kebijakan perlindungan lahan pertanian pangan agar tidak dialih fungsikan. Upaya pengendalian alih fungsi lahan pangan perlu melihat faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi alih fungsi lahan di masing-masing wilayah. Sehingga, program yang ditetapkan lebih efektif karena mampu menjawab permasalahan yang dihadapi masyarakat khususnya pemilik lahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor yang mempengaruhi alih fungsi lahan di Kabupaten Pandeglang dan. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi alih fungsi lahan dianalisis dengan uji regresi ordinal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang mempengaruhi alih fungsi lahan adalah luas penguasaan lahan, B/C rasio usaha tani padi, dan kondisi jalan. Usaha menekan konversi lahan pangan memerlukan komitmen pemerintah dan masyarakat sebagai pelaku kebijakan. Pembentukan kelembagaan kawasan perdesaan berbasis bisnis komunitas lokal menjadi salah satu solusi dalam mencegah alih fungsi lahan pertanian pangan.<br />Kata Kunci: alih fungsi lahan, perlindungan lahan pertanian pangan, sawah, kelembagaan</p>