Objective Previous basic and cross-sectional studies obtained conflicting results regarding the association of pathogens with coronary artery calcium (CAC). The aim of this study is to prospectively evaluate this association in a population-based cohort. Methods We examined 5,744 individuals aged 45-84 years at baseline (2000-02) who underwent repeated CAC assessment on average 2.4 years later (a half at visit 2 [2002-04] and the other half at visit 3 [2004-05]). CAC incidence was defined as newly detectable CAC at follow-up (475 cases of 2,942 participants). CAC progression was defined as annualized change in CAC Agatston score ≥10 units/year if baseline CAC score >0 to <100 or ≥10%/year if baseline score ≥100 (1,537 cases of 2,802 participants). Seropositivity was assessed in the entire cohort for Chlamydia pneumonia and in a random sample (n=873) for Helicobacter pylori, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, and hepatitis A virus. Results Seropositivity to Chlamydia pneumoniae was not significantly associated with CAC incidence (odds ratio [OR] 1.11 [95% CI, 0.88-1.39], P=0.371) or progression (1.14 [0.96-1.36], P=0.135) even in unadjusted models. When CAC incidence and progression were combined, we observed significant association with Chlamydia pneumoniae seropositivity before adjustment (OR 1.17 [1.03-1.33], P=0.016) but not in a model adjusting for traditional risk factors (1.04 [0.90-1.19], P=0.611). The results were consistent across subgroups according to age, sex, and race/ethnicity. None of five pathogens or their accrual was associated with CAC incidence and progression in the subsample. Conclusion Our prospective study does not support the pathophysiological involvement of these pathogens in CAC development.

e19053 Background: Ruxolitinib, an elective Janus Kinase (JAK) 1/2 inhibitor, has been approved by FDA for the treatment of steroid-refractory chronic graft-versus-host-disease (SR cGVHD) after the failure of one or two lines of systemic therapy in adult and pediatric patients 12 years and older. However, it remains underutilized despite promising results in the treatment of SR cGVHD. Methods: We did a comprehensive literature search across various data sets, including PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase, and presented data in ASH and ASCO. A review of the most recent data is summarized in this abstract. Results: Two retrospective cohort studies and one pilot prospective study evaluated ruxolitinib in SR cGVHD. In a retrospective cohort study by Yang et al., 36 patients with SR cGVHD treated with ruxolitinib showed complete response (CR) in 27.8% of patients with complete disappearance of cGVHD symptoms and partial response (PR) with symptom relief of 52.7% at a dose of 2.5 to 10 mg two times daily with ruxolitinib tapering one week after symptoms improvement. In the pilot prospective study by Mozo et al., 12 pediatric patients with SR cGVHD received ruxolitinib at a dose of 2.5 to 10 mg two times daily and showed CR in 8.3% of patients and PR in 82.7% of patients. Morozova et al. conducted a prospective pilot study in 20 patients with primary or secondary myelofibrosis who were treated with pre-transplant ruxolitinib 45 mg/day from ruxolitinib (45 mg) starting from seven days before transplant to 2 days before the transplant, and 15 mg from day five after transplant to day 100 after transplant along with cyclophosphamide 50 mg/kg on days three and four after transplant. PR was observed in 47.1% of patients at 6 months with the incidence of cGVHD of 20%. In Phase III trial by Zeiser et al. reported CR of 6.7% and PR of 43% in 165 patients treated with ruxolitinib at a dose of 10 mg daily for 6 cycles (28 days/cycle). The most common all-grade adverse events are listed here. Conclusions: Ruxolitinib was recently approved by FDA for the treatment of SR GVHD and should be utilized more due to its high effectiveness and tolerable safety profile.[Table: see text]

e20009 Background: Despite expanding therapeutic armamentarium of multiple myeloma (MM), it remains an incurable disease. Therefore, there is a need to assess the impact of deeper hematological responses to better gauge treatments in clinical trials and routine practice. The presence of minimal residual disease (MRD), is becoming crucial and a new standard in monitoring remission status. Clinical evidence shows that MRD status after treatment is an independent prognostic factor for MM. This review summarizes current data on MRD status and its role in predicting progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) outcomes. Methods: We performed a literature search on four databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science) following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. We screened 1307 studies using the Mesh terms “Multiple Myeloma and Minimal Residual disease.” After excluding review, duplicate, and non-relevant articles, 7 studies were included. Results: The association between MRD status and outcomes, including survival in TIE-NDMM patients was assessed in 7 studies, including 1083 patients. MRD status was determined using different techniques, such as flow cytometry and clonoSEQ. Different regimens were used in all studies. PFS was reported in all studies. Compared with MRD positive status, achieving MRD negativity improved PFS to 58 months versus 28.65 months as per cumulative analysis. The cumulative OS reported in 2 studies (n=196) was 95.85% in MRD-negative patients compared to 55.65% in MRD positive patients. Conclusions: Further clinical data focusing on post-treatment assessment of MRD will be useful in clinical decision-making and could be practice changing. MRD status may serve as surrogate end-points for PFS and OS in ongoing and future clinical trials. Achieving durable MRD negativity with PFS improvement might also increase the time between treatment relapses for MM and might help switch to a lesser aggressive regimen, chemotherapy-free period, avoiding drug toxicity. [Table: see text]

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