This study demonstrated the effective reduction of graphene oxide (GO) by employing thiourea as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Two fungi (Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus) were used for anti-fungal assay. Cell viability, cell cycle analysis, DNA fragmentation, and cell morphology were assessed to determine the toxicity of thiourea-reduced graphene oxide (T-rGO) on human lung cancer cells. The results revealed that GO and T-rGO were hazardous to cells in a dose-dependent trend. The viability of both A. fumigatus and A. flavus was affected by GO and T-rGO. The reactive oxygen species produced by T-rGO caused the death of A. flavus and A. fumigatus cells. This study highlighted the effectiveness of T-rGO as an antifungal agent. In addition, T-rGO was found to be more harmful to cancer cells than GO. Thus, T-rGO manifested great potential in biological and biomedical applications.

The current research focuses on the fabrication of water-soluble, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) employing thiourea (T) using a simple cost-effective method, and subsequently examining its anticancer characteristics. The cytotoxicity caused by graphene oxide (GO) and T-rGO is investigated in detail. Biological results reveal a concentration-dependent toxicity of GO and T-rGO in human colon cancer cells HT-29. A decrease in cell viability alongside DNA fragmentation is observed. Flow cytometry analysis confirms the cytotoxic effects. The novelty in this work is the use of raw graphite powder, and oxidants such as KMNO4, NaNO3, and 98 percent H2SO4 to produce graphene oxide by a modified Hummers method. This study demonstrates a simple and affordable procedure for utilising thiourea to fabricate a water-soluble reduced graphene oxide, which will be useful in a variety of biomedical applications.

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This study was aimed at determining the cytotoxic efficacy of graphene oxide (GO) and thiourea-reduced oxide (T-rGO) nanosheets against human prostate cancer cells and their antibacterial activity against E. coli mastitis. X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were used to study the physicochemical properties of the fabricated GO and T-rGO. The cytotoxicity of GO and T-rGO in human prostate cancer cells was examined using cell survival test, DNA laddering, and cell cycle analysis. The antibacterial effectiveness of GO and T-rGO was tested using E. coli mastitis. The study revealed that cell viability was lowered by GO and T-rGO in a concentration-dependent trend. The production of reactive oxygen species and hydroxyl radicals was found to increase following the treatment. DNA was harmed because of oxidative stress, causing laddering. Both GO and T-rGO demonstrated good antibacterial activity against E. coli mastitis. The findings of this research work provide insightful information about functional graphene derivatives for potential biomedical applications, primarily cancer treatment.