The developing world has witnessed a significant growth in population and consumption demand. This growth, which is expected to continue for decades, would entail increasing pressure to overexploit natural resources and the inevitable limitation of people’s ability to produce food. Other threats abound. Climate change, political instability and poverty are but a few. Yet, despite being endowed with more natural resources, the developing countries have not yet ensured sustainable food security. This article explores the impact of various inhibiting and promoting factors on food security in general and whether these factors have a differential impact in low-income and developing countries. It also discusses the main policy implications of our empirical results.