Theoretical considerations imply a positive association between innovation and customer loyalty. However, two major gaps remain in the literature. First, there is little empirical support for the relationship between innovation and customer loyalty. The few existing studies have so far found mixed results. Second, apart from a recent study, differential studies on innovation are non-existent. This article aims to fill these gaps by discussing the relationship between innovation and customer loyalty in the mobile industry using survey data collected from Algerian mobile customers. The results show that discriminating innovation is consequential. Only effective innovations are positively associated with customer loyalty. Ineffective innovations are neutral for behavioral loyalty, but harmful for attitudinal loyalty. Implications for managers and researchers are provided.

The developing world has witnessed a significant growth in population and consumption demand. This growth, which is expected to continue for decades, would entail increasing pressure to overexploit natural resources and the inevitable limitation of people’s ability to produce food. Other threats abound. Climate change, political instability and poverty are but a few. Yet, despite being endowed with more natural resources, the developing countries have not yet ensured sustainable food security. This article explores the impact of various inhibiting and promoting factors on food security in general and whether these factors have a differential impact in low-income and developing countries. It also discusses the main policy implications of our empirical results.

We examine the efficiency of 113 countries in exploiting their natural resources to achieve food independence. Our results suggest that food independence is determined by natural resources endowments, and research and development. Per-capita agricultural land, renewable freshwater and irrigation increase food independence, whereas temperature rise and storm severity have the reverse effect. Food independence efficiency is promoted by the presence of strong legal rights and infrastructure, but inhibited by population growth, agriculture volatility and oil rents. Our findings also suggest that oil-producing countries are the least efficient, but contrary to expectations, low-income economies are more efficient than industrialized economies.