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This paper provides an overview of what European key competence frameworks are designed to do, how they are created and how they can be used for different lifelong learning purposes. It explains that they are built on multi-stakeholder consensus, which makes them well suited to provide a common language for all actors that are interested in transversal competences. The paper also highlights that competence frameworks are not binding, and users are not expected to comply with them, but rather to use them flexibly, to unbundle them and to re-bundle them to achieve their own goals. Este artículo proporciona una descripción general de para qué están diseñados los marcos europeos para las competencias clave, cómo se han creado y cómo se pueden utilizar para diferentes propósitos en el mundo del aprendizaje permanente. Explica que los marcos se basan en el consenso de múltiples partes interesadas, lo que los hace muy adecuados para proporcionar un lenguaje común para todo actor interesado en las competencias transversales. El artículo también destaca que los marcos de competencias no son vinculantes, y no se espera que los usuarios los cumplan, sino que los utilicen con flexibilidad, para desagregarlos y reagruparlos para lograr sus propios objetivos.

The number of large research projects in the fields of identity, privacy and related topics has burgeoned in recent years. This is a development of great importance to academic scholarship but also to a wider range of audiences and 'users', including policy-makers and regulators, the information and communication technology industries, and the general public. New issues have been spotlighted as we move into what some call 'surveillance societies', along with a clearer sense of the problems created, and the advantages afforded, by the ability of governments and businesses to identify people and groups, monitor and track their behaviour ad movements, provide them with services at home, in the workplace, online, and in the streets, and enable them to engage in important transactions involving flows of information as well as money. New ways of mitigating adverse effects and enhancing the benefits have been explored, although we are only near the beginning of thinking through and acting on these issues, problems, and solutions. The 5-year FIDIS programme, of which this edited volume is the published product, is one of the most extensive of these research endeavours, and is amongst the most fruitful. The cast of individual and institutional characters, and the separate but linked 'deliverable' studies that have been involved, take some 75 pages to be described in this book: more than 61 studies, 43 researchers, and 24 organisations in 31 countries have been involved. This book is a magisterial condensation and integration of this multidisciplinary work, providing something of a long-lasting handbook and an anchor in this rapidly changing field. There are an Introduction and nine further chapters, as well as an Appendix that proposes a user-centric identity metasystem, and eight 'vignettes'-short futuristic scenarios involving the fictitious characters Frank and (the unfortunately-named-to British readers-Fanny) as they go through their everyday lives in a technologically saturated world. The chapters are each based on a number of 'deliverables' whose authors are fully acknowledged, and there are extensive references. Some chapters are better integrated than others, but all are at IDIS (2010) 3:599-604

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Purpose -This article aims to review the technological and socio-economic conditions which will influence the development of the mobile search market. Design/methodology/approach -An expert workshop with academics, industry representatives and market analysts was organised to discuss and analyse the results of an online survey of techno-economic and socio-economic aspects concerning the evolution of mobile search. Findings -Despite clear positive signs, forecasted great expectations around mobile search are not yet supported by economic market evidence. Substantial development work for creating new applications ripe for the mass market is still needed, although there seems to be no fundamental technological barrier to that. Location-based services, augmented reality, real-time information search, and social network search and recommendations, have been identified as some of the key trends that may shape the future of mobile search. User demand for innovative mobile search-based applications is largely taken for granted, but experts lack a clear view on suitable business models that would allow for sustainable economic development. Originality/value -Innovating is not only inventing. Understanding what drives customers' willingness to use -and to pay for -a product or service is essential in order to design appropriate services and introduce these innovations to the market. There is a growing literature on mobile search-related technology, but the market context is largely unexplored.