BackgroundA 2010/2011 audit of the Royal College of Emergency Medicine (RCEM) National Poisons Information Service (NPIS) UK guidelines on antidote availability demonstrated variable stocking of antidotes for the management of poisoned patients; the guidelines were updated and republished in 2013.AimTo assess if antidote stocking has improved since the 2010/2011 audit and introduction of the 2013 guidelines.MethodsQuestionnaires were sent to Chief Pharmacists at all 215 acute hospitals in England, Wales and Northern Ireland in October 2014. Data were collected on the timing of availability (category A antidotes should be available immediately, category B within 1 h and category C can be held supraregionally) and stock levels.Results169 (78.6%) responses were received. Atropine, calcium gluconate and flumazenil (category A) were the only antidotes available in all hospitals within the recommended time and stock levels. Forty-one (24.3%) hospitals held every category A antidote; this increased to 81 (47.9%) for those holding at least one cyanide antidote and all other category A antidotes. The proportion of hospitals stocking category A/B antidotes within the recommended time increased for 20 (90.9%) category A/B antidotes. Fomepizole (category B) availability increased to 62.1% of hospitals from 11.4% in 2010/2011. Other than penicillamine (63.3% hospitals), there was poor availability (2.4%–36.1%) of category C antidotes.ConclusionsAvailability of category A and B antidotes has improved since the 2010/2011 audit and 2013 guidelines. However, there remains significant variability particularly for category C antidotes. More work is required to ensure that those treating poisoned patients have timely access to antidotes focusing particularly on category C antidotes.

Men and women equaly play a key role in the society by esuring the continuety of human race on earth. The purpose of their creation as Allah (SWT) explains in the holy Qur’an is to gratify each other and they are meant to be garments for each other. Symbolizing mutual support, mutual comfort and mutual protection. In the past women were treated unfairly by degrading them to slavery and treating them as animals. After the rise of Islam women were guaranteed equal rights in all social matters. Islam awarded women all the economic, social, political rights. The holy Prophet (SAW) also had a great respect for women and immensely considerate towards them as women were declared as half part of the men as far as human rights were concerned. Despite these clear Islamic teachings, women are denied inheritance, choice of marriage, property ownership and confined to the boundary walls of the house in many Islamic societies. This research paper probes into the rights of women as practiced in the Muslim society by presenting a clear view of the islamic teachings about their rights as the need for provision and acceptance of their due rights and deterrence of rigidity and voilance against them increases day by day. Keywords: Rights, Species, gratify, inheritance, Holy Qur’an

The Shari’ah classifies punishments into Ḥudūd, Qiṣāṣ, and Ta’zīr which aim to protect life, lineage, reason, property, and intellect in order to provide welfare and protection to the society. The Islamic system of punishments described different punishments on committing different crimes, i.e; murder, theft, adultery, intoxicant, blasphemy, and robbery, etc. The study concludes that in respect of Ḥudūd and Qiṣāṣ the power of the court is limited but in Ta’zīr punishments the court has wider power. The punishments that are described in PPC are not similar to punishments mentioned in Qur’ān. The Federal Shari’ah Court has supported the punishment of amputation of the hand against the crime of theft which is similar to the punishment of Qur’ān. Ḥadd punishment of theft in Pakistan is not implemented because the conditions i.e. at least two Muslim adult males eye-witnesses and Tazkiyah al-Shuhood (truthful person and abstain from major sins) are very difficult to fulfill to the extent that Shariah demands. Therefore theft in Pakistan is punishable with Ta’zīr punishment.

Allah (SWT) dignified human beings among all the creatures and made these (creatures) all subjugated to men. Allah says in the Holy Qur'ān: (He is such a Lord who has created all the things in the universe for you). The beginning of human generation is traced back to the miraculous birth of Adam (A.S), and Allah entrusted their survival in their physical bodies in the process of fusing the male and female gametes in the womb of mother. And new offspring are born undergoing many developmental stages. The Holy Quran has mentioned all the stages of the human being like: its creation started from dust, then from seamen, then a clot, then from a flesh (Al-Quran:22:5). The same are described by modern medical sciences. The medical sciences also describes it in details that how a "fetus" is created and the process which it passes through. This article discusses how the "Fetus" is described in Islamic Sources? And how it is described in modern medical sciences? And what are the similarities between these two?

The term “Balãgha” is used in Arabic literature. The word Balagha is derived from a root “ بلغ” (Balãgha) meaning “ to reach” and the etymology is explained by interpreting the “Balãgha” as the art of reaching the listener in attempting to convey one`s idea to him, or the art of reaching the utmost perfection in the style and content of a composition. A perfect word for the term Balagha in English literature is Rhetoric. It is the body of principles and theory having to do with the presentation of facts and ideas in clear, convincing and attractive language. The traditional aim of rhetoric was to give effectiveness to public speech. Rhetoric is a comprehensive science just as much concerned with what one could say as how one might say it. It studies the effectiveness of language comprehensively including its emotional impact as well as its propositional content. The title of my paper reflects the rhetorical aspects of the Sūrah Al-Rahmān. It is a part of the Holy Quran.