The study aims to determine the effect of the application of solid organic fertilizers from bokashi goat manure (BGM) and liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) of cow urine to improve the growth and yield of ’lembah palu’ shallot varieties. The study was conducted on farmers’ land in Sidera Village Subdistrict Sigibiromaru Sigi Regency in Central Sulawesi. Research using Random Complete Block Design (RCBD) in factorials design (two-factor) with three replications. The first factor is the application of BGM, consists of 2 levels, namely: (1) without BGM and (2) BGM 30 t ha-1; The second factor is the concentration of LOF consists of 3 levels: (1) without the LOF, (2) LOF 16 L ha-1 and (3) LOF 32 L ha-1. The results of the research showed that BGM 30 t.ha-1, followed by application of 16 L.ha-1 LOF produce shallot crop is higher, and the number of tuber per hill and the fresh weight of tuber per hectare of shallot ’lembah palu’ variety is higher compared with a combination of other treatments. BGM 30 t.ha-1 produced more leaf number and fresh weight of tubers per plant higher and significantly different without BGM. Application LOF 32 L.ha-1 produce of shallot leaves more than without LOF and LOF 16 L.ha-1.

This study aims to improve the growth, yield, and quality of LP-VoS bulbs by applying bokashi fertilizer from goat manure and regulating the duration of water supply with a sprinkler irrigation system. This research is a field that arranged in split-plot design. The main plot is the duration of irrigation water supply, consisting of three levels, 0.5; 1,0; and 1.5 hours. The subplot is giving organic fertilizer bokashi goat manure, which consists of two kinds, namely: without bokashi fertilizer and the addition of bokashi fertilizer 15 t.ha-1. Each treatment was repeated three times so that in total, there were 18 experimental plot units. The results showed that the duration of irrigation 0.5 hours at intervals of 3 days, followed by the application of 15 t.ha-1 bokashi organic fertilizer could increase the bulb circle of 'Lembah Palu' varieties.The use of bokashi organic fertilizer 15 t.ha-1 could increase soil moisture so it can growth, yields, and quality of shallot bulb. The duration of irrigation with a sprinkler system for 0.5-1.0 hours at intervals of 3 days could result in the growth of total dry weight and total leaf area per plant as well as the number of tubers per clump, fresh weight of tubers per clump and yield of tubers per hectare higher than treatment of water for 1.5 hours at intervals of 3 days. Water supply regulations and the use of bokashi organic fertilizers can increase the growth, yield, and quality of LP-VoS bulbs on dryland. For the cultivation of‘Lembah Palu’ varieties of shallots in dry land, it is necessary to apply organic fertilizers to increase the soil water content for increased production and quality.

Mustard greens (Brassica juncea L.) is one of the horticultural crops of vegeTable species that are utilized in young leaves. Utilization of seaweed as biofertilizer can be an alternative solution to environmental problems caused by mineral fertilizers because they are safe for soil and plant microbes. The research aimed to determine the effect of extract of seaweeds growing Central Sulawesi on growth and yield of mustard greens. This study consisted of six treatments: P0 = control, P1 = NPK fertilizer, P2 = seaweed extract Caulerpa sp., P3 = seaweed extract Sargassum sp., P4 = seaweed extract Kappaphycus alvarezii, P5 = seaweed extract Ulva sp., Plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh weight of plant, dry weight of plant, and chlorophyll content were measured during the growing period and at harvest. The results showed that the seaweed extracts significantly affected on growth and yield of mustard greens plants. The most effective seaweed extracts for mustard greens plants was from Ulva sp. which produced average leave fresh weight 772.79 g and 10.40 numbers of leaves.

Shallot is one of the tuber crops used in human life worldwide. Lembah Palu variety of shallot (LPVS) is the best raw material for the fried shallot industry. The main problem is that tubers have no standard harvest age and storage duration to support these plants' germination and early growth. Therefore, shallots' growth and productivity are influenced by tubers' viability and vigor. This study aimed to investigate the harvest age and storage duration to give the best viability and vigor of shallot tubers. This research was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) factorial and three replications. The first factor was the harvest age of shallots, which consisted of four levels: 60, 65, 70, and 75 days after planting (DAP). The second factor was the storage duration of tubers, which consisted of four levels: 30, 40, 50, and 60 days after harvest (DAH). The harvesting age of 60-65 DAP significantly affected the parameter of germination power, tuber weight loss, and seedling dry weight. Likewise, the storage duration significantly affected the parameter of germination time, germination rate, tuber weight loss, and seedling dry weight. These research findings show that the harvest age of 60-65 DAP and the storage duration of 30 DAH give the best viability and vigor of shallot tuber. Therefore, we suggest that it is necessary to pay attention to tubers' harvest age and storage duration to find their maximal growth and yield of shallots.

Mustard plant is one of the main types of vegetables widely consumed in Indonesia. Synthetic fertilizers are always used to increase crop productivity and add environmental residue. Using cow urine is one of the zero waste applications in agriculture. This research aims to know the optimum concentration of cow urine on the growth and yield of mustard. This research was conducted from May 2021 to November 2021 in Olobojo Village, Sigi Biromaru Subdistrict, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatment of cow urine concentration consisted of five levels, namely 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80%. In this study, 15 plots were needed. For each plot of the experiment, there were 84 plants. The experiment results showed that the application of cow urine affected the growth and yield of mustard plants. Applying cow urine can increase leaf area, plant dry weight, net assimilation rate (NAR), crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR), and harvest yield. The application of 80% cow urine concentration provided the mustard harvest yield higher than other treatments. The study findings that the application of cow urine has not reached the optimum concentration for the mustard plant in inceptisol soils. We recommend that the application of cow urine with a concentration higher than 80% is required in mustard cultivation.