Shallot is one of the tuber crops used in human life worldwide. Lembah Palu variety of shallot (LPVS) is the best raw material for the fried shallot industry. The main problem is that tubers have no standard harvest age and storage duration to support these plants' germination and early growth. Therefore, shallots' growth and productivity are influenced by tubers' viability and vigor. This study aimed to investigate the harvest age and storage duration to give the best viability and vigor of shallot tubers. This research was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) factorial and three replications. The first factor was the harvest age of shallots, which consisted of four levels: 60, 65, 70, and 75 days after planting (DAP). The second factor was the storage duration of tubers, which consisted of four levels: 30, 40, 50, and 60 days after harvest (DAH). The harvesting age of 60-65 DAP significantly affected the parameter of germination power, tuber weight loss, and seedling dry weight. Likewise, the storage duration significantly affected the parameter of germination time, germination rate, tuber weight loss, and seedling dry weight. These research findings show that the harvest age of 60-65 DAP and the storage duration of 30 DAH give the best viability and vigor of shallot tuber. Therefore, we suggest that it is necessary to pay attention to tubers' harvest age and storage duration to find their maximal growth and yield of shallots.

Mustard plant is one of the main types of vegetables widely consumed in Indonesia. Synthetic fertilizers are always used to increase crop productivity and add environmental residue. Using cow urine is one of the zero waste applications in agriculture. This research aims to know the optimum concentration of cow urine on the growth and yield of mustard. This research was conducted from May 2021 to November 2021 in Olobojo Village, Sigi Biromaru Subdistrict, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatment of cow urine concentration consisted of five levels, namely 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80%. In this study, 15 plots were needed. For each plot of the experiment, there were 84 plants. The experiment results showed that the application of cow urine affected the growth and yield of mustard plants. Applying cow urine can increase leaf area, plant dry weight, net assimilation rate (NAR), crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR), and harvest yield. The application of 80% cow urine concentration provided the mustard harvest yield higher than other treatments. The study findings that the application of cow urine has not reached the optimum concentration for the mustard plant in inceptisol soils. We recommend that the application of cow urine with a concentration higher than 80% is required in mustard cultivation.