When a nanodroplet is placed on a lattice surface, an inhomogeneous surface strain field perturbs the balance of van der Waals force between the nanodroplet and surface, thus providing a net driving force for nanodroplet motion. Using molecular dynamics and theoretical analysis, we study the effect of strain gradient on modulating the movement of a nanodroplet. Both modeling and simulation show that the driving force is opposite to the direction of strain gradient, with a magnitude that is proportional to the strain gradient as well as nanodroplet size. Two representative surfaces, graphene and copper (111) plane, are exemplified to demonstrate the controllable motion of the nanodroplet. When the substrate undergoes various types of reversible deformations, multiple motion modes of nanodroplets can be feasibly achieved, including acceleration, deceleration, and turning, becoming a facile strategy to manipulate nanodroplets along a designed two-dimensional pathway.

Various fabrication methods have been proposed for generating tiny pores with controllable size in graphene sheets. [4,15] The top-down nanolithography (e.g., electron beam and ion beam bombardment) [16][17][18] and the bottom-up organic/on-surface syntheses [19] have been developed to create pores with desired size of 2−100 nm, however, both with complexity and time-expansiveness that hinder scalable applications. Chemically etching methods could treat large-area graphene but often introduce randomly distributed pores with poor edge quality. [8,10,20,21] Structurally uniform nanopores, especially with the pore size/neck width as narrow as several nanometers, are essential to achieve tunable bandgaps on a large sheet of graphene for electronic applications. [16,19] Previously reported precise fabrication methods, such as barrierguided chemical vapor deposition and thermally/catalytically activated noble metal nanoparticles apart from block copolymer lithography, [5,15,22,23] also experience high cost and low scalability that are detrimental to industrial applications. A facile and cost-efficient fabrication for selective nanoperforation with desired size/pattern on graphene still represents a challenge.We propose a simple and scalable strain-guided perforation method, where structural nanopores can be selectively fabricated on a strain-modulated 2D material (e.g., graphene, boron nitride) sheet by prepatterned nanoparticles (NPs) on substrate. As illustrated in Figure 1, NPs are firstly deposited on the substrate. Then, a monolayer of 2D material is transferred to cover and geometrically conform the NPs-decorated substrate, followed by oxidative etching. In essence, the highstrain magnitude near the bulges enhances the chemical Increased applications of nanoporous graphene in nanoelectronics and membrane separations require ordered and precise perforation of graphene, whose scalablility and time/cost effectiveness represent a significant challenge in existing nanoperforation methods, such as catalytical etching and lithography. A strain-guided perforation of graphene through oxidative etching is reported, where nanopores nucleate selectively at the bulges induced by the prepatterned nanoprotrusions underneath. Using reactive molecular dynamics and theoretical models, the perforation mechanisms are uncovered through the relationship between bulge-induced strain and enhanced etching reactivity. Parallel experiments of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of graphene on SiO 2 NPs/SiO 2 substrates verify the feasibility of such strain-guided perforation and evolution of pore size by exposure of varied durations to oxygen plasma. This scalable method can be feasibly applied to a broad variety of 2D materials (e.g., graphene and h-boron nitride) and nanoprotrusions (e.g., SiO 2 and C 60 nanoparticles), allowing rational fabrication of 2D material-based devices. NanoperforationThe ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.

Background Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis, and the formation of coronary artery lesions(CAL) is its most common sequela. Both genetic and environmental factors are considered to be important factors of in KD. Integrin α2 (ITGA2) is a transmembrane receptor that is associated with susceptibility to several diseases, but its relevance to KD with CAL is unclear. Methods We genotyped ITGA2 rs1126643 in 785 KD patients with the CAL and no-CAL(NCAL) (300 patients with CAL, and 485 age- and sex-matched patients with NCAL). OR (95% CI) and adjusted OR (95% CI) were used to evaluate the intensity of the association. Results We found a significantly increased risk of KD with CAL associated with ITGA2 rs1126643 genotypes (CT vs CC: adjusted OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.16–2.12, P = 0.0032; CT/TT vs CC: adjusted OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.12–2.00, P = 0.0068; T vs C: adjusted OR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.16–2.51, P = 0.0165). Moreover, we found that carriers of the CT/TT genotype had a significant risk of KD with coronary artery lesion susceptibility for children ≤60 months of age, and the CT/TT genotype was significantly associated with an increased risk of SCAL formation and MCAL formation when compared with the CC genotype. Conclusion ITGA2 rs1126643 was associated with increased susceptibility and severity of CAL in KD.