Estimation of mean, missing data, imputation, ratio type estimators, bias, mean squared error,

<p> <span>This study assesses the production potential of carbon credits on private land in Central British Columbiathrough pine forest plantation projects. This study identifies the quality characteristics for determining the quality standards for car</span><span>bon credits, and then uses those quality characteristics along with the standardized procedure to assess the quality and quantity of carbon that can be fixed in forest projects and thus be registered on the carbon exchange as carbon credits or offsets for trading on per hectare basis. Using the Table Interpolation Program for Stand Yields (TIPSY) which is a tree growth simulation model, sites of various productivities (Site Index values of 24, 21, 18, and 12) in the PGTSA, BC, Canada were modeled to generate data related to stands of trees for timber volume, lumber production, and subsequent carbon credit/offsets generation.</span><span> </span><span>Using data and information from the industry and the Government of British Columbia Ministry of Forests and Range (BCMoFR), cost-related data for forest stand establishment and maintenance was gener</span><span>ated. Using market pricing methodology for offsets in the </span><span>“</span><span>over the counter</span><span>”</span><span> (OTC) market, Internal Rate of Return (IRR) calculations were performed.</span><span> </span><span>The results of the study indicated that rate of return varied in the range of 0.27% to 0.51% over a period of 57 to 100 years. Only three out of sixteen modeled production scenarios indicated positive rates of return. Overall, the study concluded that sequestering carbon in forest projects on private land inPGSTA,BCis not restricted by any production quality criterion, but that it is financially unviable given the current costing and carbon offset pricing regimes.</span><span></span> </p>

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In the last few years ethanol and biodiesel as energy source have been seen as a panacea because of their carbon neutrality and transport oil substitution abilities. The biofuels production got the world wide response and the governments in a large number of countries took policy initiatives to promote biofuels, fixed blending mandates and designed and implemented the economic incentives for production and commercialization of biofuels. The evaluation of global biofuels production in the last few years brings out that the biofuels production will sustain only if the production of biofuels feedstock fits well in the whole food and agro-ecological system, avoids the other numerous limiting conditions and becomes a long term cost effective proven source. There is no standard package of practices for the choice of feedstock but it will depend on the assessment of each micro agro-ecological situation. The production of selected feedstock on commercial scale may require substantial investment of time and money in research and development for plant varieties improvement and evolving the suitable production technology. In the absence of such approach, the biofuels production programs are likely to be engulfed in one issue or the other and may bring unforeseen externalities.