Aims: The present study investigated the potential nephroprotective activity of aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts of Trema guineensis leaves (Ulmaceae) and determined the most active extract in rat.

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Purpose: This study was carried out to evaluate effect of aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts of Secamone afzelii leaves on Liver transaminases, serum vitamin D and Zinc levels in hepatotocixity induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats. Methods: The experiment was performed on 7 groups of 6 rats by the method of Mekky and collaborators. Rats were pre-treated with aqueous, hydroethanolic extracts Secamone afzelii (100 and 200 mg/kg) and Silymarin (SIL) an hepatoprotective reference prior to CCl4. Hepatotoxicity was induced by the intraperitoneal injection of Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats. Hepatotoxicity implied a significant rise of Liver transaminases (ALT and AST) by hepatocyte alteration rate. The parameters evaluated in the study were alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), vitamin D and Zinc in serum. Vitamin D and Zinc levels in serum were respectively determined by HPLC analysis and Atomic absorption method. Results: Carbon tetrachloride injection to rats every 2 days showed a significant rise of Liver transaminases (ALT and AST) and a significant lowering of vitamin D and zinc levels in serum compared to normal. However, pre-treatments with aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts of Secamone afzelii caused a significant decrease of Liver transaminases (ALT and AST) and restored vitamin D and zinc levels in serum of animals (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01) compared to rats treated with CCl4 only (Negative control). Moreover, hydroethanolic extract (200 mg/kg) and Silymarin both reduced very well carbon tetrachloride effects by protecting Liver. Conclusion: This study reveals that Secamone afzelii leaves extracts (aqueous and hydroethanolic) possess protective properties of the Liver. It also shows a significant association between low serum vitamin D and zinc levels and hepatotoxicity. The most active extract is Hydroethanolic extract at the dose of 200 mg/kg which can be used for preventives purposes.

Aims:This study aimed to evaluate the evolution of the Pronostic of Inflammatory and nutritional Index (PINI) during the supplementation with soya and spirulina in children from 6 to 59 months. Study Design: Hundred ninety-five (195) children moderate malnourished selected according to WHO standards. Place and Duration of Study: Children selected were distributed in three groups in order to receive in addition to the family food during one month respectively millet porridge (group 1; 65 children), millet porridge strengthened in the soya (group 2; 65 children) and millet porridge enriched in the spirulina (group 3; 65 children). Pascal et al.; IJBCRR, 17(1): 1-8, 2017; Article no.IJBCRR.32951 2 Methodology: Nutritional and inflammatory parameters were measured at the beginning and the end of study. PINI was also calculated in this study. Results: The group 3 (Spirulina) recorded significant variations (p< 0.05) regarding all the parameters (decrease of CRP and α1-GPA and increase of albumin and prealbumin). As for the PINI, it has been significantly (p< 0.05) reduced in group 2 and a high significant decrease was shown in group 3 (p< 0.01). It emerges from the study that the spirulina improves more quickly the PINI as nutritional supplement than the Soya compared to family food. Conclusion: This study indicates spirulina and soybean could be used to improve nutritional status in children suffering from acute malnutrition. Original Research Article