Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a major public health problem and an endemic disease in Iraqi population, Leishmania tropica is one of the causes of leishmaniasis in Baghdad. Considering the inefficiency of current drugs and the fact that some varieties of Leishmania are resistant to these treatments, new drugs are being researched in order to find a more selective and effective therapy with fewer side effects. Therefore, our research group conducted studies on new therapeutic agents. This study is intended to investigate the effect ethanol extract of Chara vulgaris at concentrations (15.6-500) µg/mL in the growth rate and viability of leishmania tropica isolates and compared with pentostam (3.12-100) µg/mL 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, 500 µg/mL) in vitro by MTT assay [3-(4.5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2.5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide)], to investigate its effect on the proliferation of promastigotes. Three incubation periods (24, 48, 72 hr.).

Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by Leishmania parasite, this disease considers as a major health problem worldwide. The available therapy is unsatisfactory expensive with a cytotoxic side effects. Studies of marine algae as a source of pharmacological active compounds have increased worldwide.  This study was aimed to investigate the effect of a type of green algae (Chara vulgaris) on promastigotes of L. tropica, by using. various concentrations (500, 250, 125, 62.5, 31.25, 15.6 µg/mL) in vitro by MTT assay [3-(4.5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2.5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide)], to investigate its effect on the proliferation of promastigotes, by three incubation periods (24, 48, 72 hr.) The results showed a significant (p< 0.05)   decrease in survived of promastigotes in treatment groups with concentrations that ranged between 15 to 500 μg/ ml.  This study revealed a major growth inhibition effect of the organic extract of C. vulgaris against L. tropica promastigotes, and the extract of ethyl acetate showed potential activity is better than the aqueous extract.

It is well established that synthetic apertures of various shapes are superior to a single aperture in improving the overall performance of optical systems. In this research, a set of elliptical synthetic obstructed apertures was used in place of the ellipse synthetic obstructed apertures that was used previously and the calculation of the point spread function to assess the performance of the optical system and reduce the diffraction values from it previously, according to the results, an improvement was observed in the optical system with array of elliptical synthetic obstructed apertures.