A considerable proportion of Masson pine forests have been converted into eucalypt plantations in the last 30 years in Guangdong Province, subtropical China, for economic reasons, which may affect the ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) community and the process of ammonia transformation. In order to determine the effects of forest conversion on AOA community, AOA communities in a Masson pine (Pinus massoniana) plantation and a eucalypt (Eucalyptus urophylla) plantation, which was converted from the Masson pine, were compared. Results showed that the land use change from the Masson pine to the eucalypt plantation decreased soil nutrient levels. A significant decrease of the potential nitrification rates (PNR) was also observed after the forest conversion (p < 5 %, n = 6). AOA were the only ammonia oxidizers in both plantations (no ammonia-oxidizing bacteria were detected). The detected AOA are affiliated with the genera Nitrosotalea and Nitrososphaera. A decrease of AOA abundance and an increase of the diversity were evident with the plantation conversion in the surface layer. AOA amoA gene diversity was negatively correlated with organic C and total N, respectively (p < 0.05, n = 12). AOA amoA gene abundance was negatively correlated with NH4 (+) and available P, respectively (p < 0.05, n = 12). However, AOA abundance was positively correlated with PNR, but not significantly (p < 0.05, n = 6), indicating AOA community change was only a partial reason for the decrease of PNR.

Novel bismuth selenite iodate oxide BiSeIO 6 was synthesized in a mild hydrothermal condition. BiSeIO 6 was crystallized in the polar space group Pna2 1 of an orthorhombic system. The crystal structure features a three-dimensional framework composed of three types of lone pair cations with distorted BiO 7 polyhedra, SeO 3 pyramids, and IO 3 pyramids in one structure. Interestingly, BiSeIO 6 exhibits a strong and phase-matchable second-harmonic generation (SHG) of ∼6 times that of KH 2 PO 4 (KDP). Dipole moment analysis shows that all three local acentric groups of BiO 7 , SeO 3 , and IO 3 cooperatively contribute to the large macroscopic polarization and thereby strong SHG efficiency of BiSeIO 6 . In addition, BiSeIO 6 has a broad transparency range from 0.35 to 11 μm, indicating its promising nonlinear optical applications from visible to mid-infrared bands.

Background: The role of macro and micro nutrients have been reported in various plant. However, in perennial trees, the function of multiple elements to different genotypes remain to be elucidated. This study aimed at deciphering the genetic architecture of physiological differences under different nutrient levels between the high- and low-growth genotypes. Results: Our results showed that growth traits of both genotypes at nutrient starvation treatment was much lower than that at nutrient abundant treatment, indicating that nutrient is essential for plant growth. However, tree height, crown width, and fresh weight of different tissues of ZQUA44 were much higher than that of ZQUB15 at the three nutrient levels, implicating the genetic basis of different trees is another factor that varied the phenotypic performance. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were clustered into 6 subclusters depending on different expression pattern. Functional annotation of DEGs from different subclusters showed that DEGs involved in glutathione metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis and stilbenoid, diarylheptanoid and gingerol biosynthesis may responsible for nutrient starvation across different genotypes, while DEGs involved in carotenoid biosynthesis and starch and sucrose metabolism may have diverse function in different genotypes. The DEGs encoding MYB_related may responsible for nutrient deficiency of all the genotypes, while B3 may play different functions in different genotypes. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that different genotypes may form different metabolic pathways to coordinate plant keeping survival when they face abiotic stresses. Furthermore, we elucidate DEGs that may widely responsible for nutrient deficiency in different treatments and DEGs that play different functions in different genotypes. Finally, our funding provide adequate nutrient supply for Eucalyptus.