IntroductionThe study aimed to isolate thermophilic Campylobacter from chickens raised three rearing methods, determine its antimicrobial susceptibilities, and examine resistance-related genes by PCR.Material and MethodsCloacal swabs or intestinal contents were taken in Istanbul, Sakarya, and Izmir provinces. Chickens were from small village-based family-run businesses (n = 70), organically raised (n = 71), and conventionally raised broilers (n = 79). The samples were cultured on modified charcoal cefoperazone desoxycholate (mCCD) agar. Suspect isolates were identified with multiplex PCR (mPCR). As per EUCAST standards, MIC values were derived by broth microdilution for tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, kanamycin, gentamicin, and erythromycin in isolates of C. jejuni (n = 98) and C. coli (n = 83).ResultsIn C. jejuni, 78.6% tetracycline, 87.8% ciprofloxacin, and 81.6% nalidixic acid resistance was detected, but none was to kanamycin, gentamicin, or erythromycin. In C. coli, 98.8% ciprofloxacin and 63.9% nalidixic acid resistance was detected, whereas resistance to non-quinolones was not observed. C257T (Thr-86-Ile) mutation in the gyrA gene of all phenotypically quinolone-resistant isolates was detected through a mismatch amplification mutation assay PCR (MAMA-PCR). It emerged that all isolates bore the tet (O) resistance gene.ConclusionCommon tetracycline, nalidixic acid, and ciprofloxacin resistance exists in Campylobacter isolated from chickens raised three rearing methods.

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Haemophilus bacteria are normally present in the upper respiratory tract of healthy individuals. However, these bacteria could be opportunistic pathogens especially in children. The present study was conducted to determine beta-lactamase activity of Haemophilus from the throat cultures of children with upper respiratory tract infections. 154 Haemophilus strains were isolated from throat swabs of 208 children whom had upper respiratory tract infections. Among the 154 Haemophilus strains isolated, 117 H. influenzae (76%), 35 H. parainfluenzae (22.7%), and two H. aphrophilus (13%) were identified by API NH. beta-Lactamase activity was positive in 42 isolates of 117 H. influenzae isolates, while it was negative in 75 isolates. beta-Lactamase activity was positive in 20 H. parainfluenzae isolates, and negative in 15. All the H. aphrophilus isolates were beta-lactamase negative. It is known that beta-lactamase positive Haemophilus bacteria are resistant to some antibiotics. Therefore, the antibiotic resistance of Haemophilus was further investigated in relation to beta-lactamase activity. The in vitro antibacterial susceptibilities of Haemophilus strains for ampicillin, sulbactam-ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin, chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin were tested by disk diffusion method on chocolate agar. In 42 beta-lactamase-positive H. influenzae isolates, 32 isolates were resistant against ampicillin. In 20 beta-lactamase-positive H. parainfluenzae isolates, 16 were resistant against ampicillin. The two beta-lactamase negative H. aphrophilus were sensitive to ampicillin. Biotypes and serotypes were also investigated. Biotypes of H. influenzae strains were as follows: 40 strains biotype II, 25 strains biotype I, 14 strains biotype III, and 38 strains biotypes VII, VIII, V, and IV. Biotypes of 35 H. parainfluenzae strains were: 6 strains biotype III, 5 strains biotype I, 5 strains biotype IV. Biotypes of remaining 19 isolates were II, VIII, VI and VII. The serotypes of H. influenzae strains were determined by specific antiserums. Serotypes of 117 H. influenzae found were type a, b, c, d, and f.

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine the bacterial species recovered from 61 cats with lower urinary tract infection (LUTI), and their susceptibility to cefovecin in vitro.ResultsThe clinical signs and final clinical diagnosis for cats with confirmed LUTI were also reported. After physical examination of the cats, urine samples including ≥5-6 leucocytes in microscopic evaluation were cultured using bacteriological techniques. The isolates were identified by conventional microbiological methods and tested for in vitro susceptibility using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method recommended by the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute. Bacterial growth was observed in 16 of 61 urine samples. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests showed that 13 of 16 (81%) isolates were susceptible to cefovecin. The most frequently isolated bacterium from cats with signs of lower urinary tract infection, was Escherichia coli.ConclusionCefovecin was found to be effective in cats with LUTI. Because cefovecin is a new antimicrobial agent in veterinary medicine, there are only few studies about urine culture of cats with LUTI. It is the first study on in vitro activity of cefovecin against bacterial isolates from cats with lower urinary infections in Istanbul, Turkey.