Objective:  To assess the levels of IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, and IL-32 in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) in patients with gingivitis, periodontitis, and peri-implantitis before and one year after implant installation. Material and Methods: Forty-nine samples of GCF and PICF were collected from March 2018 to March 2019. The patients were classified: patients with gingivitis (n=7), patients with periodontitis (n=14), patients with peri-implantitis (n=4) and healthy patients (n=24). The crevicular fluid from the 49 patients was collected before implant installation (n=8) and one year after implant placement (n=8). The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used to evaluate the levels of cytokines in crevicular fluid. Results: Patients with gingivitis, periodontitis, and peri-implantitis showed higher concentrations of IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, and IL-32 when compared with control group. In general, the levels of IL-12 and IL-15 increased when compared to the moments before and after implant installation. There was also an increase in the concentration of IL-18 in the control group volunteers after implant installation. Conclusion: The results and methodology of this study showed that there was no difference in the synthesis of IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, and IL-32 in healthy individuals or in those with periodontal injuries. However, there was an increase in the cytokines IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18 one year after implant installation, which would be increasing the inflammatory activity in peri-implantitis.

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Although implant rehabilitations are successful, a small portion of patients may present peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis due to the bacteria biofilm formation. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) and Scardovia wiggsiae (Sw) in Peri-implant gingival Fluid (PGF) of patients who received implants 12 months ago and associated with periodontitis (PD) history and clinical data. Samples were collected from 44 volunteers and analyzed by PCR with specific primers. The results showed that Pg were detected in 34%, Fn and Pi, 81.8%, and Sw 75% of the volunteers. Pg was frequently detected in patients who had a history of PD (p<0.05, q=8.19), but no statistically significant differences for Fn, Pi, and Sw (p>0.05, q<0.61). Pg was detected in 58.3% of the volunteers who had teeth prior to implants and their presence was associated with periodontitis (p<0.05, q=5.31) and gingivitis (p<0.05, q=4.31). All the patients whose probing depths were greater than 3 mm had Fn in detectable levels (p<0.05, q=4.56). In conclusion, the involvement of Sw in peri-implant alterations was not evident in this work. The presence of Pi and Fn were not related to history of PD and mucositis. Fn was present in periodontal pockets above 3 mm, suggesting its involvement in peri-implant alterations. Pg was detected in patients with a history of PD, gingivitis, and periodontitis and in those who had teeth before the implant installation.

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